资源预览内容
第1页 / 共8页
第2页 / 共8页
第3页 / 共8页
第4页 / 共8页
第5页 / 共8页
第6页 / 共8页
第7页 / 共8页
第8页 / 共8页
亲,该文档总共8页全部预览完了,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
文档供参考,可复制、编制,期待您的好评与关注! 中考英语听力测试命题原则与方法黑龙江省绥棱县克音河中学 谷俊明摘要 本文阐述了中考英语听力测试命题的原则,并结合实例介绍命题的方法,以期对各省市中考命题起到指导作用。关键词 中考英语;命题;原则;方法听力理解能力应是英语教学的重要内容。听是理解和吸收口头信息的手段,听力理解能力是提高口语表达能力的基础。卡尔韦弗(CarI Weaver)曾经说过:“听是交际活动的核心”。和读一样,听是感知技能,是对听觉器官接收到的信息的感知,这种感知叫做听觉感知。“听”在英语的“听、说、读、写”四技能中处于最基础的地位。“听”是输入,是人们学习、吸收语言的重要途径,没有输入就没有输出。从第二语言习得规律方面讲,“说”是通过模仿而获得的言语行为,模仿的渠道就是“听”。听的技能就是通过听获取信息、处理信息,并完成相关任务。听力测试,即对听的技能的评价手段,主要检测考生理解口头英语的能力,对特定情景中的对话或独白的整体输入和理解。对于某些听力试题,考生无法直接从对话或独白中捕捉现成的答案,要求考生经过对所听到的信息进行处理后才能得到正确答案。一、设计听力测试题应遵循的几个原则1题型要根据测试目的来确定,主观题型与客观题型相结合。2原文最好是口语材料,要反映交际功能,涉及词汇应是口语涉及的高频词汇。3原文要适合考生的年龄特点和生活实际。4试题的设计要充分考虑卷面上的阅读负担问题,要突出听力理解的考查,尽量减少阅读量。5要确保听力题必须通过听作答,通过读题可作答的题没有意义。6选项以3个为宜,力争简洁,这样有助于控制阅读量,也有助于降低命题的难度。7、不设置语法错误的选项,以免混淆考查重点。8、朗读速度以每分钟80100为宜。二、听力测试题型及命题办法第一类 听句子具体分以下四种(一)听句子选词语。题型一:听句子,选出你在句中听到的单词或短语【例1】原文:There is a dog under the table. 书面选项:A. on B. under C. over 【例2】原文:My brother is going abroad for further study next year. . 书面选项:A. further study B. favorite story C. nice start 题型二:选出你所听到的句子【例】原文:Both Tom and Jim want to go to Hawaii for a holiday. 书面选项:A. Both Tom and Jim would go to Hawaii for a holiday. B. Both Tom and Jim wont go to Hawaii for a holiday. C. Both Tom and Jim want to go to Hawaii for a holiday. 这种题型重复信息多,浪费试卷版面,其实与“题型一”测试目的相同,目前中考题中不再被使用。总之,这两个题型旨在考查在语境中听辨读音近似的词语的能力,其中语境为考生作答提供了修正机会。该题型有利于培养与训练学生的语音意识,兼顾对句意理解的考查,但这种题不具有交际意义。(二)听句子,从选项中选择意思相同或相近的一项【例】原文:I prefer pop music to classical music. 书面选项:A. I like classical music better. B. I like pop music better than classical music. C. Id like to listen to all kinds of music. 本题答案句在结构、词序上有了根本的变化,要求听懂一句的同时,需要读懂多句,与笔试题中“同义句转换”的命题素材相似。(三)听句子或句组选图画【例】原文:Bill likes ball games. Look! He is playing football with his classmates. 书面选项:图A 踢足球 图B 打篮球 图C 打排球另一种是,图画选项一同给出,可加两个干扰项,这样可以使试卷结构更加简约。听一句或多句描述选择图画。该题型的优点是,以图片呈现情景直截了当,考生没有阅读负担。要注意图片应绘制简洁清晰,不要起到视觉模糊而影响学生理解。(四)听句子做应答【例1】原文:Would you like to go out with us to have a cup of coffee now?书面选项:A. Id love to, but Im not free now. B. Yes, please, and well have a good time. C. No, its not a good idea, for I like tea. 【例2】原文: Im sorry I have broken your cup. 书面选项:A. No problem. B. Never mind. C. My pleasure. 我这里所说的“应答”有两个含义:1. 对所听到的某个情景的陈述做出反应,例1“道歉和应答”“邀请和应答”;2. 对所听到的某一问题而做回答。本题型要求考生理解原文语句的语义及功能。命题时应按照课标中的功能意念项目表选材第二类 听对话(一)听短对话短对话可以是一问一答,也可以问题两三个轮次,但不要过长。针对每一段短对话设置一个问题,考查细节信息或考查考生理解谈话双方的身份、关系、态度、意图等。可以设置选择题,也可以设置非选择题。最好由男女声录音,问题由第三个人提出,同时录在磁带上。为降低难度,也可以将问题印制在试卷上。1、 听短对话选择正确答案2、听短对话回答问题3、听短对话及问题选择正确答案4、听短对话及问题选择正确图画(如我省中考英语听力第一题)【例】原文:W: (Excuse me, sir.) Where is the nearest bookshop, please?M: Sorry, I dont know. (ErI think you can ask the policeman over there.)W: Thank you all the same. (添加括号中的语句更好些,在实际生活交谈时,经常使用零碎语, 如er,mm,hm, ah, well等)Q: Where does the woman want to go?书面选项:(选择式)(文字) A. The book shop.B. The food shop.C. The bus shop. (图片) A. 书店 B. 食品商店 C. 公共汽车站 (非选择式) _. (The nearest bookshop) (二)听长对话长对话分为两人对话或多人对话,为方便录音,多采用两人对话。长对话自然是多个问答轮次。设置的问题一般包括谈话人之间的关系、事件、原因、结果、态度、情感、赞同、反对等,可以设置两个或多个题目。1、听对话选择正确答案(问题在试卷上) 2、听对话及问题选择正确答案(问题在录音中)【例】原文:W: Are you going to the cinema tonight? I hear there is an American film.M: Id like to. I happen to be free this evening. Whats the film about?W: Its about “How black people were brought to America from Africa” I remember the name now. Its “Roots”.M: Oh!Its a world famous story written by William Hadley. Ive heard about it, but Ive never read it.W: My mother has bought two tickets already. Lets go togetherM: Thank you, then when shall we meet?W: The film starts at six forty-five. I11 wait for you at No.3 bus stop at six oclock. Dont be late.M: OK. See you laterW: See you later.Questions:1. What wiIl the boy and the girl do this evening?2. When wiIl they meet at the bus stop?3. Who bought the tickets? 书面选项:1. A. See a film. (比They will see a film.更简洁)B. Go for a walk. C. Read a book. 2. A. At 6:45.B: At 6:00. (原文信息词At six.用阿拉伯数字体现转换)C. At 6:30.3. A. The boy. B. The girl. C. The girls mother. 3、听对话连线(我省中考英语听力B)【例】原文: Ms Liu: What are you doing in Beijing, Tim?Tim: Im studying Chinese at Beijing University.Ms Liu: Thats a good university. Do you think its hard?Tim: A little. I have homework every day, and there are so many tests!Ms Liu: Well, keep studying, and youll get on well with your studies. .Tim: Im sure I will.Ms Liu: By the way, are you parents with you here?Tim: No, Im alone here. What do you do for a living, Ms Liu?Ms Liu: I work in a bank.Tim: That sounds interesting.Ms Liu: Sometimes it is, but its also hard work. Were always very busy.Tim: I know how you feel. So, do you take long vacations?Ms Liu: Not really. The bank needs us to work all year. Of course, we can take vacations,
收藏 下载该资源
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号