2022-2023年考博英语-西南交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.由于生产这类产品需要大量的设备和高水平的技术，因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司的合作，使样品尽快转化为商品。2.二十世纪向二十一世纪的过渡时期，恰好为美国的教育事业提供了一个重温历史，重新对科学承担义务的机会。3.人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯，虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它 有利于减少患癌症的风险。4.虽然主要是母亲决定了配偶中吸引我们的品质，但却是父亲影响我们如何与异性接触。5.我们现在必须摆脱头脑中的一个观念，即认为唯有在工作中“晋升”才是获得认可和 更高收入的方向。【答案】1. Since the production of such products requires a large amount of equipment and high level of technology, we should look for big and strong companies to work with us to commercialize the specimen as early as possible.2. It is a good opportunity for the United States to review history and regain scientific duty during the transition from 20th century to 21st century.3. People must pay great attention to good eating habits. Although the right diet will not eradicate cancer in the world, it can help reduce the risk of cancer.4. While it is primarily the mother who determines the qualities that attract us in a mate, it is the father who influences how we interact with the opposite sex.5. We must now get rid of the idea that promotion at work is a way to obtain recognition and higher pay.2. 单选题He pointed out that the living standard of urban and （ ） people continued to improve.问题1选项A.remoteB.municipalC.ruralD.provincial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A:remote “偏僻的，疏远的”；选项B：municipal “市政的，地方自治的”;选项C： rural “农村的，乡下的”；选项D：provincial “省的，地方性的”。由句意可知此处表述的是城乡居民，因此使用固定搭配urban and rural people “城乡居民”更符合题意，所以选项C为正确选项。句意：他指出，城乡居民的生活水平不断提高。3. 单选题Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the（ ）of his life.问题1选项A.torchB.tormentC.topicD.topper【答案】B【解析】句意:虽然他很富有，但是他那些不孝顺的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。考查名词辨析。torch 火炬，手电筒；torment 痛苦，苦恼，折磨；topic 主题， 题目；topper 大礼帽，高档的东西。因此B符合句意。4. 单选题Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the tune needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.1. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?2.In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because（ ）.3.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?4. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do（ ）.5.The phrase “the problem” (Paragraph 5) refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B.Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C.Research can never be emphasized too much.D.The relationship between teaching and researc