考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Lines of latitude run horizontally and are parallel to the Equator and lines of longitude run vertically. They（ ）at the North and South Poles.问题1选项A.convergeB.convokeC.convoyD.convulse【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意纬线水平平行于赤道和经线相垂直。它们在南北两极聚集。可知这里是说经线和纬线的位置，根据常识可知经线和纬线相互垂直，在南极和北极两个地方是聚集的，A选项converge聚集，靠拢”；B选项 convoke“召集”； C选项convoy“护送”；D选项convulse“震撼”。根据句意确定A选项正确。2. 单选题Because the monkeys under study are（ ） the presence of human beings, they typically（ ）human observers and go about their business.问题1选项A.ambivalent about. welcomeB.inhibited by. seekC.unaware of. avoidD.habituated to . disregard【答案】D【解析】固定短语词义辨析。句意：因为在研究中的猴子们己经习惯了人类的存在，所以它们通常会无视 人类观察员而自己弄自己的。A选项ambivalent about意为“对是矛盾的”;B选项inhibited by意为“被抑制”;C选项unaware of意为“没有意识到”； D选项habituated to意为“适应于”。分析题意可知， D选项“适应于”，正确。3. 单选题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills. American firms have a problem. Human resource management (HRM) is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or rented at the lowest possible cost, which is a much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central - usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.1.Which of the following applies to the HRM of American companies?2.Whats the position of the executive of HRM in an American firm?3.The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on（ ）.4.Whats the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.They hire people with the least possible money regardless of their skills.B.They see skills gain as their employees own business.C.They prefer to hire self-trained workers.D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen employment competition.问题2选项A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B.His position is likely to disappear when new technologies have been introduced.C.He has no saying in making important decisions in the firm.D.He is directly under the chief financial executive.问题3选项A.technological and managerial staff.B.workers who will run new equipment.C.workers who lack basic background skills.D.top executives.问题4选项A.American firms HRM strategies affect their competitive capacity.B.HRM is a key factor in a firms survival.C.The cost of working training in America is higher than that in Japan and Germany.D.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in HRM.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问下面哪个适用于美国公司中人力资源的管理？根据文章第一段第三句 “Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility.技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。”确定B选项“公司认为雇员掌握技术问题是他们自己的事”正确。2.细节事实题。题目提问在美国公司中人力资源部门的主管的地位怎样？根据文章第二段中第三句 “The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of corporate hierarchy.人力资源管理主管这一职位通常是一项专门的工作，位于公司等级制度的边缘。”