2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The many rivers of Chile are relatively short, generally rising in the Andes and flowing west to the Pacific. In the northern and central regions the rivers are fed primarily by the perpetual snow cover of the Andes.问题1选项A.everlastingB.expansiveC.outwardD.movable【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. everlasting 永久的，永恒的，经久不变的 B. expansive 广阔的，辽阔的C. outward 表面的，外表的 D. movable 可移动的，活动的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】perpetual的意思为“持续的，长久的”，用来形容snow，指的是安第斯山脉的永久性积雪，everlasting与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】智利的许多河流相对较短，大多发源于安第斯山脉，向西流向太平洋。在北部和中部地区，河流的主要水源是安第斯山脉的永久性积雪。2. 填空题Taste is such a subjective matter that we dont usually conduct preference tests for food. But because the two big cola companiesCoca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, weve wondered how big a role taste preference A B Cactually plays for brand loyalty. D【答案】D for改为in【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】play a role in sth.为固定搭配，其意思为“在中起作用”，how big a role到句尾的部分还原成一般陈述语序为taste preference actually plays a big role in brand loyalty，所以D部分应为in。【句意】因为口味是主观问题，所以一般不会对食物进行偏好测试。但由于两大可乐公司可口可乐和百事可乐的营销非常激进，我们想知道口味偏好在品牌忠诚度中到底起到了多大作用。3. 填空题The origin of contemporary sociological references to social structure can be traced to Emile Durkheim, who argued that parts of society are interdependent and that this interdependency imposes structure for the behavior of institutions A B C Dand their members.【答案】D for改为on【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】impose sth. on sb./sth.意思为“把强加于”，此题正确用法为impose structure on the behavior。【句意】当代社会学对社会结构可以追溯到埃米尔迪尔凯姆，他认为社会的各个部分相互依赖的，这种相互依赖将结构强加在机构及其成员的行为。4. 填空题It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have something in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. A B C D【答案】B something去掉【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】that all leaders have something in common是修饰personal qualities的定语从句，其中that充当从句宾语，意思指的是personal qualities，所以B部分的something去掉句子才正确。【句意】似乎并没有所有领导人都具备的一系列个人品质；事实上，如果一个人的素质符合那个特定群体的需要，他就是公认的领导者。5. 单选题Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas is ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules bum more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photo chemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanksa serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiencyand liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have a higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network f