2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They have always regarded a man of_and fairness as a reliable friend.问题1选项A.robustnessB.temperamentC.integrityD.compactness【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项robustness“结实，健壮”；B选项temperament“性情，气质”；C选项integrity“诚实，正直”；D选项compactness“紧密，简洁”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此选C。句意：他们一直把正直和公正的人视为可靠的朋友。2. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separated, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and the future and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading you connect yourself with one of the families of ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it; you find out about yourself, too.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on a book that means something to you, and relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you wont have suffered during the process.【答案】每本书彼此独立，就像一个个独户住宅，而图书馆里的藏书就好像城市里的千家万户。尽管它们相互独立，但只有互相联系才有意义，家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。在生活中重复出现的问题也会在文学作品反复出现，但因时代与作品的差异，解决对策也会有所不同。书籍之间也会互相影响，它们联系着过去、现在和将来，并且如同家庭一样也会世代延续。无论从哪里开始阅读，你都会将自己和一个家族的思想联系在一起，长远来看，你不仅能发现这个世界和里面的人，也能在其中发现自我。阅读只有在你期望它有趣时才会真的有趣。如果你专注于一本对你有特殊意义的书，并且乐在其中，那么你就会体验一段美妙的时光如果你因为阅读而变得更加善良、聪明、随和或是优雅，那么你就会享受阅读的过程。3. 单选题Because there is evidence of severely harmful effects from chemical dumps, the government has_tougher clean-up measures.问题1选项A.imposedB.impulsedC.implementedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imposed v.强加，征税，以欺骗；B选项impulsed v.推动；C选项implemented v.实施，执行；D选项incorporated v. 吸收，合并，包含。根据句意可知，有证据表明化学排污引起严重危害，因此，政府已经实施了严厉的清理方案。因此，C项符合题意。4. 单选题Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.问题1选项A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparison n.比较，对照；B选项categorization n.分类，分门别类，编目方法；C选项 classification n.等级，类别；D选项cognition n.认识，辨识，认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意：你的类比不是一个好例子，因为这两种情况并不相同。5. 单选题The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。6. 单选题（）regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.问题1选项A.Not receivedB.Since receivingC.Having receivedD.Not having received【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干中hardly常与否定搭配表示肯定，而且非谓语部分逻辑主语与句子主语一致。因此，根据句意和搭配可知，本题A项正确。句意：由于没有经过专门的护理培训，她起初很难适应工作。7. 单选题Her dairy was full of the insignificant, happy daily that had made up her life.问题1选项A.pursuitsB.triflesC.trivialD.premise【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项pursuits n.追求；B选项trifles n.琐事，鸡毛蒜皮的；C选项trivial adj.不重要的，琐碎的；D选项premise n.假定，前提。根据句意可知，她的日记中记载着许多微不足道却又快乐的生活琐事。因此，正确答案为B项。8. 单选题The two most important _in making a cake are flour and sugar.问题1选项A.elementsB.componentsC.ingredientsD.constituents【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项element“元素，基础”，指一个整体中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B选项component“组成部分，成分”，指一个整体的组成部分；C选项ingredient“成分，(尤指烹饪) 原料”；D选项constituent“选民，成分，构成要素”指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。根据flour and sugar可知选C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的两种原料是面粉和糖。9. 单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。10. 单选题Robert says he bought these books in a .问题1选项A.disposalB.bargainC.reductionD.sale【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposal n.处理，支配；B选项bargain n.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reduction n.减少，下降；D选项sale n.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。11. 单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。12. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.1. The recent speculation includes the possibility that the first living cells might have arisen on Mars, seeding Earth v