2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The teachers of the college are making great efforts to （ ）in their students the habit of speaking English.问题1选项A.cultivateB.accomplishC.assistD.require【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。cultivate “培养，陶冶”；accomplish “完成，实现”； assist“帮助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：这所大学的老师花很多努力培养学生说外语的习惯。A项符合题意，答案A2. 单选题The Governments policies will come under close （ ）in the weeks before the election.问题1选项A.appreciationB.scrutinyC.specificationD.apprehension【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation “欣赏，感谢”； scrutiny “审查，细看”；specification“规格，说明书”； apprehension“理解”。句意：选举前的几周，政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Governments policies及close “严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B3. 翻译题A dynamic view sees the pluses of change as well as the minuses. And it appreciates how new, unforeseen technologies or social changes can solve current problems.By contrast, the environmental movement has been built on crisisContrary to the doomsayers, both past anti present, people have a knack for innovating their way out of crises if they have both the permission and the incentive to do so.We find that people developed petroleum as whale oil became scarce, that farmers turned to drip irrigation as water prices rose, and that drivers bought fuel-efficient cars when gas prices went up.To a large degree, green ideology is not about facts. It is about values, and the environment movement is about enforcing those values through political action.“ Greenpolitics， write British greens Jonathan Porritt and David Winner, “demands a wholly newethic in which violent, plundering human kind abandons its destructive ways, recognizes its dependence on Planet Earth, and starts living on a more equal footing with the rest of nature. The danger lies not only in the odd maverick (意孤行者)polluting factory，industry，or technology, but in the fundamental nature of our economic systems. It is industrialism itself a super-ideology, embraced by the capitalist West which threatens us.【答案】（1）动态的观点既能看到变化的好处，也能看到变化的坏处。它还赞赏新技术或不可预见的社会变革如何能够解决当前的问题。（2）我们发现，当鲸油变得匮乏时，人们开发了石油；当水价上涨时，农民转而采用了滴灌；当油价上涨时，司机们纷纷购买了节能车。（3）在很大程度上，绿色观念是与事实无关的，而是关于价值观的。而环保运动则是通过政治行动实施这些价值观。（4）“绿色政治”，绿色行动者Jonathan Porritt和David Winner写道，“需要一套全新的道德观。在这种道德观的指导下，残忍掠夺成性的人类可以放弃破坏性的方式，认识到自己对地球的依赖，开始和其他生物平等共处”（5）危险不仅仅来自于一意孤行污染环境的工厂、工业或技术，还来自于我们经济体制的基本性质。4. 单选题In spite of the （ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲观的； miserable悲惨的；shadowy朦胧的，有阴影的；obscure模糊的，晦涩的。句意：尽管经济前景暗淡，但是制造业产量却略有上升。由in spite of 及risen可知，前后为让步关系，故该空应与risen意思相反，并且能修饰经济前景的只有A项。答案A5. 单选题In late autumn swallows fly south to much warmer lands, where they can find plenty of the small flying insects on which they（ ）.问题1选项A.are fedB.eatC.relyD.feed【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。feed on“以为食”，燕子以飞虫为食，两者之间是主动的关系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋时节，小燕子向南飞向更暖和的地方，在那里它们能找到许多可以当作食物的小飞虫。答案D6. 单选题The international situation has been growing （ ）difficult for the last few years.问题1选项A.invariablyB.presumablyC.increasinglyD.dominantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。 invariable不变地，始终如一地； presumably大约，大概 ；increasingly越来越地；dominantly占优势地，支配地。 句意：在过去的几年里，国际局势变得越来越艰难。C项符合句意，答案C7. 单选题Nancy was surprised that they have（ ）. They seemed to be a happy couple.问题1选项A.split upB.broken downC.fallen throughD.knocked out【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。split up“分开；离婚”； broken down “出故障”；fallen through “失败”； knocked out “使筋疲力尽；神志不清”。 句意：南希很惊讶他们已离婚，因为他们看上去是那么幸福的一对。由surprised及happy对比可知，A项符合题意。答案A8. 单选题You should （ ）to one or more weekly magazines such as Time or People.问题1选项A.subscribeB.orderC.prescribeD.reclaim【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 subscribe订阅，后接介词to；order定购，预定；prescribe开处方；reclaim改造，感化，回收利用 ；由weekly magazines可知答案为A。句意：你应该订阅一本或更多的周刊杂志，比如时代或人物。答案A9. 单选题Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and （ ）her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.问题1选项A.transformingB.transportingC.transplantingD.transcending【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。 transform“改变，使变形”； transport“运输，运送”； transplant “移植，迁移”； transcend “胜过”。句意：Black夫人发现每当她弹钢琴，她的钢琴就有将自己带离日常生活的糟糕现实并且将她带到自己拥有的乐园的魔力。由taking her away from the grim realities of daily life 及 to fairyland可知“将Black夫人从糟糕的现实运送到乐园”符合逻辑，答案B10. 单选题Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has （ ）the quality of the program.问题1选项A.lessenedB.declinedC.affectedD.effected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。 lessen “使变小”；decline “下降，衰落”；affect“影响，感染”； effect “发生，引起”。句意：评论家们认为，铺天盖地的电视广告已经影响了节目的质量。 根据句意可知C项正确，答案C11. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.