2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As my friend（ ） here before, I had to meet him at the railway station.问题1选项A.had never beenB.has never beenC.had been neverD.never was【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由后半句had to可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于had been之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。2. 单选题They may often have to （ ） social evenings and holidays because of their busy work.问题1选项A.forgoB.forfeitC.abandonD.forgive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。forgo“放弃；停止；断念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失职、 违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）”；abandon“遗弃；放弃”；forgive“原谅”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他们不得不放弃社交晚宴和假期。由because of their busy work可知他们放弃了社交晚宴和假期，故A项正确。3. 单选题Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a （ ） event.问题1选项A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。cholesterol胆固醇;charcoal 木炭，炭笔：chronic 慢性的，长期的；catastrophic 灾难的，悲惨的。地震显然是一种自然灾害。故C项正确。句意：在任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难事件。4. 填空题She sent him a （wool）（ ） sweater as his birthday gift.【答案】woolen【解析】放在名词前，应该用形容词。5. 单选题In the evening they met at the hotel, both content with their day, happy to eat a（ ）meal together and dance a little afterwards.问题1选项A.manuallyB.causallyC.leisurelyD.vigorously【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。manually“手动地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休闲地，从容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活泼地”。句意：晚上他们在酒店碰面，对这一天都很满足，他们开心地一起吃了一顿（ ）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一会儿舞。由and后面的内容“跳舞”可推知and前面的内容的状态也是比较悠闲，轻松的，故C项正确。6. 单选题To write a summary effectively, you will need to （ ）words for phrases, phrases for sentences, and general entrances for lists of details.问题1选项A.convertB.complementC.substituteD.constitute【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。convert转换,使转变；complement补足，补助；substitute代替；constitute组成，构成。substitute for 代替。句意：为了写好一篇摘要，你需要用单词替代短语，用短语替代句子，用主旨替代细节。故C项正确。7. 单选题Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purpose or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae （水藻）, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.1. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to（ ）.2. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by（ ）.3. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when（ ）.4. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?5. The purpose of the writer is（ ）.问题1选项A.altering the physical feature of the earthB.bettering his way of lifeC.improving his surroundingsD.modifying the face of the planet问题2选项A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil that has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers问题3选项A.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostC.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum is increased问题4选项A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.问题5选项A.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve mans way of lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environmentD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. 纵观历史，人类改变自然环境以改善生活方式。故B项正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. 借助科技工具，人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。以及 However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. 然而，人类对自然环境的改变并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染对地球的健康造成越来越严重的威胁。可知水污染和空气污染是由于人类借助科技改变了自然环境造成的。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第三段“The pollu