2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Finding the cause of a disease will provide a （ ）for research on a cure for it.问题1选项A.prospectB.incentiveC.spurD.inducement【答案】A【解析】考察名词词义辨析。prospect “前途，预期”；incentive “动机，刺激”；spur “刺激，鞭策”；inducement “诱因”。句意：找出疾病的原因是为其治疗方法研究提供前景。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem. Ever since the scientific method became a way of learning about nature, including ourselves, some people have hailed science as the only way to comprehend natural phenomena, while others have questioned whether it is an appropriate road to knowledge. As science and technology have grown, the questioning has deepened and expanded.This is not to say that so-called scientific evidence is not a good way to vouchsafe truth. Scientists testimonies are used to endorse everything from toothpaste to nuclear power; however, they are also used to challenge the very same things. And this is where it gets tricky: “Scientific” support can now be elicited on all sides of every question, so that the public is constantly forced to decide which scientists to believe.Where then is the vaunted objectivity of science? People are realizing that they must either develop criteria on which to make these decisions (and to do so for each important issue) or decide to disbelieve all scientific explanations and look for other ways of knowing. Incidentally, these other ways are sometimes no less empirical than the scientific ones. The decision to disbelieve all scientific explanations is not to be sneered at. The volume, contradictoriness, and limited comprehensibility of much scientific information leave most people bewildered.I am reminded of the comment Virginia Woolf attributes to the time-traveling character in her novel Orlando, who mused as she enters an elevator at Marshall and Snelgroves department store in London in 1928: “The very fabric of life now. is magic. In the eighteenth century, we knew how everything was done; but here I rise through the air; I listen to voices in America; I see men flying - but how its done, I cant ever begin to wonder. So my belief in magic returns.”Not only the general public is ill at ease. Uneasy questions are being asked by scientists themselves. As one noted scientists has argued: The scientific community had lead a particularly unexamined life for a surprisingly long time, and may have accepted its unusual and, until recently, unquestioned status a little too easily. Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon. Certainly it underestimated the demand for accountability.” And his scientist goes on: In all humility, it must. be admitted that it is impossible to categorically deny that we may have reached a point where we must abandon the faith that in all cases knowledge is better than ignorance. We simply lack the ability to make accurate predictions.1.In lines 4-6 (“some people, knowledge”), the author does which of the following?2.The examples in lines 9-10 (toothpaste.power9) are given to （ ）.3.Lines 16-18 (“The decision. bewildered”) serve primarily to（ ）.4.In the last sentence, the word “simply” most nearly means（ ）.5.The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to（ ）.问题1选项A.Rationalizes a behaviorB.Advocates a course of actionC.Presents opposing viewpointsD.Voices doubt about an approach问题2选项A.criticize the widespread acceptance of certain productsB.mock the gullibility of the public in scientific mattersC.enumerate a number of mundane activities in which scientists are involvedD.convey the range of issues to which science is considered relevant问题3选项A.correct the inherent limitations of scientific thoughtB.decry the lack of scientific training among the general publicC.defend a position that might be challengedD.suggest the origins of a branch of science问题4选项A.foolishlyB.directlyC.basicallyD.easily问题5选项A.explore alternative ways of understanding natural phenomenonB.discuss the lack of humility that many scientists demonstrateC.challenge the findings of a particular group of scientistsD.question the scope and value of scientific understanding【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第二句Ever since the scientific method became a way of learning about nature, including ourselves, some people have hailed science as the only way to comprehend natural phenomena, while others have questioned whether it is an appropriate road to knowledge提到科学方法成为了学习自然的方法，有些人认为科学是唯一能解释自然现象的手段，而有的人则质疑科学是不是能够合理获得知识。作