2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelleda far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, natures output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.3. Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?4. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if_.5. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?问题1选项A.The economic impact of air pollution.B.What constitutes an air pollutant.C.How much harm air pollutants can cause.D.The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.问题2选项A.water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areasB.most air pollutants today can be seen or smelledC.the definition of air pollution will continue to changeD.a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities问题3选项A.They function as part of a purification process.B.They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.C.They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.D.They have existed since the Earth developed.问题4选项A.the other substances in the area are knownB.it is in a localized areaC.the naturally occurring level is also knownD.it can be calculated quickly问题5选项A.To effectively control pollution local governments should regularly review their air pollution laws.B.One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.C.Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.D.Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 1.文章内容主要是什么？A. The economic impact of air pollution. A. 空气污染对经济的影响。B. What constitutes an air pollutant. B. 什么构成了空气污染物。C. How much harm air pollutants can cause. C. 空气污染物能造成多大的影响。D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere. D. 添加到大气中的化合物的影响。【考查点】主旨大意题【解题思路】第一步，定位首尾两段核心句，首段的中心句是第一段第二句话“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义（definition），允许不断变化。”最后一段的中心句是第三段第四句“一种物质作为污染物的实际浓度不需要很大；事实上，如果我们不知道这个数值相对于该地区自然发生的浓度增加了多少，它就告诉不了我们什么。”由此可知文章是在讨论空气污染物的定义是什么，作者认为空气污染物没有具体的定义，应该随着实际情况来定义，所以答案应该选B选项“什么构成了空气污染物”。【干扰项排除】A选项“空气污染对经济的影响”，文中没有提及经济问题，属于无中生有；C选项“空气污染物能造成多大的影响”，文中没有提空气污染物的具体影响，只是讲到空气污染物这个词怎么定义，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“添加到大气中的化合物的影响”，这个只是在第二段有提及，属于以偏概全。2. 【选项释义】2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. 2. 从第一段可以推断出_。A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas A. 水汽在局部地区是一种空气污染物B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled B. 现在大多数的空气污染物都可以看见或闻到C. the definition of air pollution will continue to change C. 空气污染的定义将继续改变D. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities D. 一种物