全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to _5_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was done in the experiment; _7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)_8_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_itself.After several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 _the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed._ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and_ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days._ 18_ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before _20 _a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at BupC with D off3. Atruth Bsight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing Cmischievous D ambiguous5. Arequirements Bexplanations C accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matterC indicate D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awarenessB expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitableB excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B forC on D by11. A compared Bshown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D pealliar to13. A evidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14. A disputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly Baccidentally C unpredictably D suddenly17. Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued18. ATherefore BFurthermore CHowever DMeanwhile19. AAttempted Btended Cchose Dintenced20. Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. Even those papers that continue to review fine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past.It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomsons The Musical Scene (1945), Edwin Denbys Looking at the Dance (1949), Kenneth Tynans Curtains (1961), and Hilton Kramers The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England betwe