2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors -two primary care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does. Regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialists who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1.The authors chief concern about the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately primary care physicians have to（ ）.4.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越多，就越好。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒