2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I missed the last flight, and decided（ ） to stay the night at the airport.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.moreoverD.meanwhile【答案】B【解析】考查句子前后逻辑关系。句意：我错过了上一趟飞机，因此我决定整晚待在机场。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Im sorry Im late I had a mental （ ）and forget that we would have a meeting today.问题1选项A.aberrationB.perversionC.imbalanceD.sanity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。aberration “神经迷乱；离开正路；越轨”；perversion “反常，颠倒，曲解”；imbalance “不平衡，不安定”；sanity “明智，头脑清楚”。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。我有点精神恍惚忘记了今天还有个会议。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题She was unimpressed by the actor, describing him as “a vain man and （ ）dull”.问题1选项A.intensivelyB.intenselyC.downrightD.actual【答案】A【解析】考查词性词义辨析。题干中的dull为形容词，所以应该用副词修饰。排除选项C和D：downright “直率的，真实的”；actual “真实的”。intensively “强烈地，集中地”；intensely “强烈地，热情地，紧张地”，常用来形容某种性质或者感情到达的程度很高。intensively包含intensely的意思，但是更强调 “精细地；集中地”。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Her remarkable success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to（ ）the media.问题1选项A.mandateB.meditateC.manifestD.manipulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mandate“授权，托管”；meditate“考虑，计划，企图”；manifest“证明，表示”；manipulate“操作，巧妙处理”。句意：她作为一个摇滚明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙处理媒体。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Legislation has been developed throughout the 20th century attempting to protect employees from（ ）dismissal by their employers.问题1选项A.unrecognizableB.undeniableC.unreachableD.unjustifiable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unrecognizable“未被承认的，无法认出的”；deniable“不可否认的，无可争辩的”；unreachable“不能得到的；不能到达的”；unjustifiable“不合道理的；不能分辨的”。句意：发展贯穿整个20世纪的法律是为了保护员工，让他们不再被雇主无理由解雇。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题As is known to all, a vague law is always（ ） to different interpretations.问题1选项A.invulnerableB.immuneC.resistantD.susceptible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invulnerable“不会受伤害的，无懈可击的”；immune“免疫的”；resistant“抵抗的，有抵抗力的”；susceptible“容许的；易受影响的”。句意：众所周知，一条含糊不清的法规总允许有不同的解释。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two-year-old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three-year-old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $ 750, 000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s. This new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives.” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests； this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “ sociological economics”，who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences”，these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their exchange” or “surrender” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.1.It can be inferred from the passage th