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英语(四年级下)主要知识点整理(例句都是课本中原句)1. 祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议等的句子。祈使句不需要主语,谓语动词用原形,句子末尾一般用感叹号。eg: (1) Dont walk on the grass! (否定祈使句)(2) Lets make a newspaper! (肯定祈使句)2. 一般现在时:经常发生的动作或状态 (常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year, on Sundays .连用)(1) be动词的一般现在时:(比较简单) I am, We/You/They are, He/She/It is,There is+单数名词或不可数名词, There are + 复数名词eg: Its not beautiful, but its helpful.(2) 行为动词的一般现在时:(单数第三人称的变化是重点、易错点; 助动词用do, dont, does, doesnt)eg: (1)This machine cuts the potatoes.(2) Does he live in New York?(3) Fish live in the river and birds live in the tree. (*注意fish单数和复数写法一样,这里fish前面没有a, 所以是复数形式,后面接谓语动词要用原形。另外,Sheep和deer单复数也是一样的形式)3. 一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态(常与.ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/month, once upon a time, one day, the next day, in 2016.连用)(1) be动词的一般过去时:I/He/She/It was, We/You/They were, There was+单数名词或不可数名词, There were + 复数名词eg:Once upon a time, there was a boy. (讲故事常用说法)(2) 行为动词的一般过去时:(助动词用did, didnt)一般动词变化:构成法:1. 动词原形+ed. 如:look-looked2. 以e结尾的词+d. 如:live-lived3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,改y为i, 再加ed. 如:study-studied, cry-cried.4. 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed. 如: clap-clapped, stop-stopped, prefer-preferred 不规则动词变化:如had, said, put, saw, got, ran, learnt(英式写法), bought, came, took, went等eg1: The animals had a concert last week.eg2: The next day, the boy ran to the village again.eg3: What did he play yesterday?eg4: When did you get up last Sunday? I got up at 8 oclock.4. 一般将来时:表示还没有发生但将要发生的事情或动作(常与tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year/month/week, soon, in the future, in . minutes/hours/days.连用 )(1) Be going to+ 动词原形:多表示即将发生,最近打算、计划、安排好要做的事情,主观性较强 (区分人称,be动词变化am, is, are)eg: Shes going to visit Australia.(2) Will+动词原形:多表示即将发生的动作或状态,不受主观因素影响的单纯的将来,客观性较强 (不区分人称,都用will)(*目前小学阶段对这两种形式区分并不明显,可以互换使用)eg: We will go to the zoo on Sunday.5. 现在进行时:表示正在进行或发生的动作 (常与now, at present, at this moment连用)Be动词+动词的现在分词(*区分人称,注意动词的现在分词构成的特殊情况)动词的现在分词构成法:(1)一般规则:动词+ing, 如: work-working.(2) 以e结尾的动词去掉e加ing. 如: live-living, have-having.(3) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ing. 如: swim-swimming, clap-clapping, refer-referring.(4) 以ie结尾的重读开音节的词,改ie为y, 再加ing. 如: die-dying.eg: (1) Whats happening now?(2) Daming is making a card for his father.(3) We are having a party.6. 购物相关话题:(1) I want to buy a pen.(2) Its expensive/cheap.(3) It costs one hundred and eighteen yuan.(4) Who wants to buy it?7. 音乐演奏相关话题:(*演奏乐器前要加定冠词the )(1) I played the piano yesterday.(2) Youre playing the violin for your father.(3) My mum and dad played in the concert.(4) In the end, everyone clapped.(*注意玩球类运动不能加定冠词the, eg:I played football yesterday. ) 8. 时间相关话题:(1) Whats the time now?(2) What time is it now?(3) Its 2 oclock.(4) Is it breakfast/lunch/dinner time now?(5) The Chinese cartoon Shaolin Kids is on TV at 8 oclock.9. 方向相关话题:(1) Where is the library?(2) Its in the north/south/west/east of China.(3) I went to the north/south/west/east.(4) Beijing is the capital of China.10. 原因相关话题:(1) Why do fish live in the river?(2) Because cats cant live in the water.
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