2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He said it was important to put in the hours, but it was not just the hours that（ ）.问题1选项A.affectedB.countedC.focusedD.faltered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。affect “影响，感染，感动”；count “计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus “使集中，使聚焦”；falter “支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（ ）不只是时间。确定B选项count “起作用”正确。2. 单选题The reality does not always（ ）to ones expectations.问题1选项A.contributeB.addC.amountD.correspond【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；出力”；B选项add“增加”；C选项amount“总计；合计；等于”；D选项correspond“符合；相应”。句意：现实并不总是尽如人意。句中的reality“现实”和expectation“期望”之间应有的关系是“符合”，因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities dependently striving for something which is inadequate supply. Competitors may aware of one another, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war form the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animal. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-1ike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is1.In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to（ ）.2.According the author, competition differs from conflict in that（ ）.3.The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Line7, Para. 1) most probably means（ ）.4.The passage is probably intended to answer the question “（ ）.问题1选项A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize that characteristic features of cooperation问题2选项A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence问题3选项A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another问题4选项A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者给一些术语下了定义，目的是”。文章第一段提到“这些定义是有必要的，因为必须强调在一个资源有限的世界中，个人或团体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但是此冲突不是彼冲突” （These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict），由此可以看出作者是为了区分两种“冲突”，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，竞争与冲突的区别在于”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者认为战争是不可避免的，其前提是在动物物种的斗争中，只有适者生存。一般来说，这种斗争在本质上是竞争，而不是冲突”（Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war form the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict），因此选项D“它本质是为了生存斗争”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“短语function in the disservice of each other的意思是”。该短语与后文的function in the service of one another 相对应，意思与之相反，选项B符合题意。4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章可能主要是为了回答这个问题”。文章第一句话提到战争是不可避免这个问题得到世界上很多伟大作家的关注（The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers）；文章最后一句话提到国家之间像战争一样的冲突不可避免，但是竞争是不可避免的（it cannot be