反意疑问句一，定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。例如: She is a teacher, isnt she We are students, arent we二，反义疑问句的结构结构一：前肯，+后否eg. He is a student, isnt he结构二：前否，+后肯eg. He isnt a student, is he三，反义疑问句的做题步骤同学们看到反义疑问句时，一定要想到以下这两个步骤1， 判定。判断用肯定还是否定。（前面的句子中有否定词not, never, few, little, nothing的时候，后面用肯定：反之，则用否定）eg. He has never been to paris, has he She knows little English, does she2， 找动词。(用于提问的动词有三种：be, do 和have。其中be 动词包括 am, is, are, was, were. Do包括do, does, did. Have包括have 和has，had.)eg. She is a doctor, isnt she (这里是be动词) She likes music, doesnt she (这里是一般性的行为动词，用do的各种形式来提问)Mr. Smith has bought many books, hasnt he (这里是have表示完成时态)注意：当看到have的时候。同学们一定要注意，当have表示“有”和“吃”的意思时，我们不用have，而是用do的各种形式。例如：She has a book, doesnt she (有一本书) You have a good friend, dont you(有一个好朋友) He usually has dinner with his parents, doesnt he 也就是说：当看到have+动词过去分词，表示完成时态的时候，用have或has 的形式提问。当have表示“有”和“吃”的意思时，我们用do的各种形式提问。名词一， 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1， 只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of2， 只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of3，既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of二，可数名词复数规则变化：1.一般情况加 s ： bookbooks，house-houses，girl-girls2.以 s, sh, ch, x结尾的加es ： class- classes, box-boxes, match-matches dishdishes3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es： city-cities, country-countries , party-parties 4.以 o 结尾的+es的情况： heroes, tomatoes, potatoes (有生命的)以 o 结尾+s的情况 ： radios, zoos, pianos , photos（无生命的）5.以fe 结尾的 变fe为v +es ： wifewives 不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice单复数同行的有: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese 合成词的复数形式, 两个词都变化. 例如： man teachermen teachers woman doctorwomen doctors代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I 我memyminemyselfYou你youyouryoursyourselfHe 他himhishishimselfShe她herherhersherselfIt 它ititsitsitselfWe我们usouroursourselvesYou你们youyouryoursyourselvesThey他们themtheirtheirsthemselves用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空： sister is helping _（we）.2. John and I are in the same （we）go to school together. likes_(she)。 4. Danny gives the book to _ (you). _(I) have many friends. Some of_（they）are good at English.6. Jim is English. _(I) like playing with _(he). love _（they）very much. Li often looks after_（she）. are waiting for_（they）. you like Li Ming No, _(I) dont like _(he).介词1,具体在哪一天用介词on 例如：在星期一 on Mondany, 在九月十号 on September 10th 2, 在哪一年用介词in例如：在2012年, in 2012; 在1999年, in 19993, 穿什么颜色的衣服用介词in例如：She is dressed in green today.4, 河上面有一座桥用介词overThere is a bridge over the river.（over 在什么上面，两个物体不接触）5，表示一段时间，介词for+时间例如：I have worked here for three years.6,about:关于 ；在前面: in front of被动语态一，英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。（主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象)例如： She wrote the book. 她写了这本书(主动句) The book was written by her.这本书是被她写的（被动句）二， 被动语态的结构：be+动词的过去分词二， 被动语态的标志性单词：by 和with by引出动作的执行者；with引出行动使用的工具例如：He was killed by a robber.他被一个强盗杀死了。（这里by引出动作的执行者：robber） He was killed with a knife.他被人用刀杀死的。（这里with引出行动使用的工具：knife）11. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken2. This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made3 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep54 Doctors _ _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 5. New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 6 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 数词一，基数词one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve序数词first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth二，序数词的运用1.一般要加the表示顺序,theFirstLesson,theThirdFloor2.有限定词时，不用the,例如：ThisisLilyssecondpen.Itsourfirstlesson.Maryismyfirstteacher.三，dozen, hundred， thousand，million和billion1,当他们前面有数字时，后面不加S, 例如：三打three dozen 三百three hundred 三千three thousand2,当他们后面有加S时, 后面通常要跟of, 例如：hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计millions of 数百万 dozens of 几打主谓一致1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has come.3、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。4、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。 5、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。6、由连词notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。7、There be句型、以here,there开头的句子,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 8、 many a 单数名词 (许多) ；作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。Many a ship has been damaged