2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.问题1选项A.formationsB.componentsC.standardsD.ingredients【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。criteria“标准，条件”；A选项formation“形成；组成，（军）队形”；B选项component“成分；组件”；C选项standard“标准；水准”；D选项ingredient“原料；要素；组成部分”。句意：公认的充足饮食的标准受到营养学上的新发现的挑战。根据句中“adequate diet适当饮食”与“nutrition营养学”可知criteria在这里的意思为标准，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The reception was attended by various prominent members of the ideal community and representatives of regional industries.问题1选项A.congestedB.projectingC.conspicuousD.outstanding【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词prominent意为“突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的”；A选项“congested”意为“堵塞的，拥挤的”；B选项“projecting”意为“突出来的；伸出的”；C选项“conspicuous”意为“显著的；显而易见的”；D选项“outstanding”意为“杰出的；显著的；未解决的；未偿付的”。句意：出席招待会的有理想社区的杰出人士和区域行业代表。由题干可知，and是并列连词，and前后意思相近。所以可推测出prominent members与representatives（代表）意思相近。由此可知，prominent在此处最可能是“杰出的，卓越的”的意思，四个选项中outstanding具有“杰出的”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。3. 不定项选择题The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive humane care and treatment which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid-1800s, 20 states had established asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.These conditions continued until after World War II. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses heretofore considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposes called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made and Dr. David Vails Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1910s. At that time, the Civil Rights movement led lawyers to investigate Americas prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their rights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered “crazy” and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice, which once exposed, was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience. Patients fights groups successfully encouraged reform by lobbying in state legislatures.Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day to day care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental health administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patient rights are respected.1. Which of the following happened in mental institutions after economic depression?2. It can be inferred that, had the Civil Rights movement not prompted an investigation of prison conditions, （ ）.3. According to the passage, mental hospital conditions were radically changed because of （ ）.4. According to the passage, who is responsible for surveillance of good patient care?5. The main purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.Patients became inflexible and insensitive.B.Fewer patients led to shortage of funds and inhumane care.C.More patients were reluctant to get help from physicians.D.Patients were disappointed to live in asylums.问题2选项A.states would never have established asylum