2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Mother languages, along with linguistic diversity, matter for the identity of individuals. As sources of creativity and vehicles for cultural expression, they are also important for the health of societies. Not least, languages are factors for development and growth. We know how important education in the mother language is for learning outcomes. Mother language instruction is a powerful way to fight discrimination and reach out to marginalized population. As wellsprings of knowledge, languages are also starting points for greater sustainability in development, for managing more harmoniously our relationship with the environment and change.【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。2. 单选题The members of the branch were indignant that government had planted two spies among them.问题1选项A.irateB.indifferentC.insensibleD.inspired【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项irate “生气的；发怒的”；B选项 indifferent “冷淡的；不关心的；中等的”；C选项 insensible “昏迷的；无知觉的；麻木不仁的”；D选项 inspired“品质优秀的；能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的”。句意：支部的成员对政府在他们中间安插了两名间谍感到愤怒。结合此处关键短语 planted two spies among them“安插了两名间谍”，可推测支部的成员会对此十分气愤，得知A选项正确。3. 单选题The president of the board always gives his directions so _ that everyone can understand them.问题1选项A.simplyB.explicitlyC.largelyD.shortly【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地；朴素地；坦白地”；B选项 explicitly“明确地；明白地”；C选项 largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D选项 shortly“立刻；简短地；唐突地”。句意：总统总是使他的方向，让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyone can understand them.（每个人都能够理解他们），可推测，要使每个人都能理解他们，总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意，A选项正确。4. 单选题Truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out, that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planets air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the worlds population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25%-50%, as has so often been predicteD.And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient associated with the early phases of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and three factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be a wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass mediA.They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: Two thirds of the worlds forests lost forever. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.The third factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if Americas trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.1. The first paragraph intends to show that _.2. The facts and figures provided in paragraph two suggest that _.3. In paragraph four, the writer expresses his concerns about _.4. The writer quotes from the World Wide Fund for Nature to illustrate how_.5. What is the writers view of Americas waste problem?问题1选项A.the environment is getting worse and worseB.the environment problems involve many aspectsC.the writer does not agree with the statementsD.the writer draws a picture of environment problems问题2选项A.there is a mismatch between our understanding a