2022-2023年考博英语-西北工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firms health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firms vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.1.According to the passage, a countrys economy is probably decided by（ ）.2.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should（ ）.3.Which of the following statements about small business is not true?4.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?5.Whats the main idea of this passage?问题1选项A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies问题2选项A.get very well prepared for his new businessB.choose a business hes already familiar withC.examine the companys crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise问题3选项A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses.C.Theres good omen for small business according to a survey.D.Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure.问题4选项A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.Its too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.D.Its urgent for small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.问题5选项A.How to become a winner in small business?B.How to be a successful boss in a multinational corporation?C.How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories），选项C符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先