中考英语语法总复习10句子的种类1英语中按使用目的或功用分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 A陈述句。 1 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种。 a陈述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night. b陈述句的否定形式。 （1）谓语动词是系动词be, 助动词have, will, shall, be或情态动词，只须在其后面加not构成否定句。 She isnt a student . / He hasnt been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They arent sleeping . （2）若谓语动词是实义动词，在实义动词前加上do not，第三人称单数现在时用does not，过去时用did not。 He didnt send me an invitation . （3）由具有否定含义的词never, nobody, hardly, little, dislike, seldom, few, tooto等构成的否定句。 Not all the books in our school library can be renewed .B. 疑问句。 1 疑问句提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 a一般疑问句：以一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have开始，语调为升调，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑问句。 （1）一般疑问句的基本结构： Be动词(is, am, are, was, were)+主语+表语？ Have动词(表示“有”：have, has, had)+主语+宾语？ 情态动词(can, may, must等)+主语+行为动词或be? 助动词(do, does, did)+主语+行为动词？ 助动词(shall, will, have, has)+主语+行为动词？ （2）否定形式的疑问句，通常把助动词与not缩写，放在句首。构成回答： Arent you a student? Yes, I am .(不，我是) No, I am not .(对，我不是) b特殊疑问句：以疑问代词who, what, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how开头。 （1）如果疑问词在句中作主语或其修饰主语时，其语序如陈述句。Who is on duty today ? / Which book is yours . （2）如果疑问词在句中不作主语或其修饰主语，用“疑问词一般疑问句”形式。Where have you been ? c选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，供回答者选择，并由or连用，但不能用Yes或no 来回答。 （1）疑问句选择成分1or选择成分2？Do you want coffee or cocoa ? / Are you an Englishman or an American ? （2）特殊问句选择答案1or选择答案2？who runs fast, Tom , Mary or Li lei . d反意疑问句：陈述部分提问部分。 （1）前肯后否，前否后肯。 前后人称、数和时态要一致，疑问部分要用代词。事实回答用Yes, 非事实回答用No . 前陈述句用降调，后问句用升调；如对前陈述句内容有把握，后问句也可用降调。如果前面陈述句中有否定词：hardly, little, few, never, rarely, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑问句应该用肯定式。 （2）陈述句中有：have to, had to, ought to, used to, dont(imperative), somebody / someone, everybody / everyone时，附加疑问句需分别用：dont, didnt, shouldnt, usednt / didnt, will, they等。 My grandma used to be a teacher, usednt / didnt she ? Dont turn on the TV set, will you ? （3）陈述句部分是复合句时，提问部分的主语和助动词要与主句一致。He was reading when the teacher came in, wasnt he ? （4）在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+宾语从句”中，当主语是第一人称时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语应与后面宾语从句相一致；但若主语不是第一人称时，则附加问句与前面主句一致。 I dont think he can pass the exam, can he ? He believed you had seen her before, didnt he ? （5）在含有情态动词must 的句子中，若must 表示推测，提问用must后面的动词。若must表示有必要时，用neednt。若mustnt表示禁止时，提问用must。 He must be tired, isnt he ？ You must go to Gaozhou, neednt ？ You mustnt smoke here, must you ? （6）陈述句部分为祈使句，疑问部分常用will you(表请求)。注：lets 用shall we（包括说话人），let us 用will you（不包括说话人）。Have a cup of tea, will you ? Lets go now, shall we ? Let us go now, will you ? e祈使句：可表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等。（省主语，动词用原形） （1）let + 第一人称，第三人称（not）动词原形。Let me try again . （2）动词原形其他成分。Listen to me carefully . （3）Dont (never)+动词原形其他成分。Dont look out of the window . （4）Do+动词原形其他成分。Do give him another chance . f感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾用“！”。What 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词。（1） How 形容词 / 副词。 How + 形容词 主 谓 ！ How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is ! How 副词 主 谓 ！ How fast she runs ! How hard the girls are working ! How + 形容词 a / an + 名词 主 谓 ！How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is !（2）What + 名词。 What + a / an 形容词 可数名词单数 主 谓 ！ What a fine day it is today ! What an honest man his father is ! What 形容词 可数名词复数 主 谓 ！What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are ! What 形容词 不可数名词 主 谓 ！What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is ! 句子类型 1从结构上看，英语的句子可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。 2简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。简单句有六种句型：型号 句型 例 子1 主语不及物动词（状语） The Frenchman coughed badly at night. / The city lies in a valley .2 主语连系动词表语 That is a map of China. / That piece of meat looks quite good. / It sounds like the singing of rails .3 主语及物动词宾语 Youre doing the right thing. / Jack likes to stay at home and play by himself .4 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace ? / It took me a week to finish the work.5 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 We call him Li Ming . / The rich man asked the singer to come up to the sitting room .6 There +be+主语状语 There are some flowers on the teachers desk . / There are 365 days in a year . 3并列句：由并列连词把两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。常用的并列连词有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neithernor, eitheror, still, however, not onlybut also等。并列句的结构：简单句并列词简单。