2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题His father read the newspaper at the kitchen table, all the while delivering （ ）on the politics of the day for the benefit of anyone within earshot.问题1选项A.complementsB.remarksC.speechD.animadversions【答案】D【解析】complement 补语，补足物；remark言辞；speech演讲，讲话；animadversion 批评，评语。句意：他的父亲坐在餐桌旁看报纸，一直批判当今政治只对极少数人有利。选项D更符合语境。2. 单选题An abstract is（ ） form of an academic article. Many journals publish abstracts so readers can decide if it is worthwhile to read the full version of the article.问题1选项A.conciseB.comprehensiveC.concreteD.conceptual【答案】A【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Her voice （ ）as she admitted what she had done.问题1选项A.hesitatedB.injectedC.floatedD.slid【答案】A【解析】hesitate 踌躇，犹豫；inject 注入，注射；float 浮动，飘流；slid 滑落，不知不觉地陷入。句意：她承认自己所做的事时，她的表达有些犹豫。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题A vile smell hung in the air.问题1选项A.burntB.unpleasantC.sweetD.fruity【答案】B【解析】句意：空气中弥漫着一股难闻的气味。vile意为邪恶的，肮脏的。选项B更符合句意所表达的意思。5. 单选题Mary is fine girl even though shes sometimes abrupt in manner.问题1选项A.deviousB.brusqueC.shrewD.irritable【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽是个好女孩，虽然她有时举止粗鲁。abrupt意为“生硬的，唐突的，粗鲁的。Devious偏僻的，弯曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，无礼 的；shrew泼妇，悍妇；irritable急躁的，易怒的。选项B与之意思最为相近。6. 单选题In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is decision maker who is satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision making process until the optimal decision has been reached.1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision making process （ ）.2.The phrase “in conjunction with” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by（ ）.3.All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT（ ）.4.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that rational actor would be least likely to（ ）.5.The word “it” in line 5, Paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.involves only the decision makerB.requires the contemplation of numerous optionsC.is made without the decision unitD.does not work in real-life situations问题2选项A.along withB.tied toC.apart fromD.connected to问题3选项A.evaluation of the problemB.focus on objectivesC.generation of optionsD.open-ended discussions问题4选项A.deal with a specific threatB.work in a random fashionC.ponder various optionsD.consider disadvantages of options问题5选项A.each optionB.careful analysisC.the best optionD.variation【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据首段第一句“In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation.”在决策的理论模型中，决策被定义为从一组执行选项中选择一个选项的过程。也就是说，需要考虑多种选择，选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据下文“all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process.”组织中所有参与了这个过程的人都围绕着决策者。由此可推测，决