英美文学知识第一节 英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)1. 诗歌Alliteration Beowulf贝奥武甫- national epicCaedmon (开德蒙)Anthem赞美诗Cynewulf (基涅武甫)Dream of the Rood十字架之梦2. 散文Bede (比德)Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum英吉利人教会史King Alfred(阿尔弗雷德大帝)Wessex Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 15世纪)1. Allegory Romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士2. Ballad The Robin Hood Ballads罗宾汉民谣集3. William Langland (威廉兰格伦)The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman农夫皮尔斯的幻想4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里乔叟)Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”);The Canterbury Tales坎特布雷故事集;- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)5. Sir Thomas Malory (托马斯马洛礼)Le Morte dArthur亚瑟王之死三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 17世纪中期)1. Humanism classic culture2. Thomas More (托马斯莫尔)Utopia乌托邦; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third理查德三世传3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利霍华德) Sonnet4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦锡德尼)Arcadia阿卡迪亚- 第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry诗辩- 人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙斯宾塞)poet poet Spencerian stanza 9行 (ababbcbcc)8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter;The Faire Queene仙后被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism6. Christopher Marlowe (克里斯托弗马娄)Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧历史7. William Shakespeare2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧(威廉莎士比亚)长诗Venus and Adonis维纳斯和阿多尼斯;The Rape of Lucrece露克丽丝受辱记十四行诗iambic pentameter 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet戏剧悲剧Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth喜剧A Midsummer Nights Dream; The Merchant of Venice; As You Like It皆大欢喜; Twelfth Night历史剧Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III传奇剧Pericles泰尔亲王配力克里斯; Cymbeline辛白林; The Winters Tale; Tempest暴风雨8. Ben Jonson (本琼森)comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);Every Man In His Humor人性互异9. John Donne (约翰多恩)Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);Songs and Sonnets歌曲与十四行诗10. George Herbert (乔治赫伯特)the saint of the Metaphysical school (“玄学派诗圣”);The Temple神殿11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁马韦尔)诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;To His Coy Mistress致他的娇羞女友12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯培根)Materialism; Essays随笔(Of Study, Of Truth);The Advancement of Learning学术的推进;The New Instrument新工具四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy2. 18世纪的英国文学前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)40年代到80年代：realism80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)3. John Milton (约翰弥尔顿)Defence of the English People为英国人民而辩;Second Defence of the English people为英国人民再辩;Paradise Lost (blank verse, 旧约); Paradise Regained (新约); Samson Agonistes力士参孙(poetical drama, closet drama)4. John Bunyan (约翰班扬)The Pilgrims Progress天路历程- 宗教寓言, Vanity Fair5. John Dryden (约翰德莱顿)Alexanders Feast亚历山大的宴会;Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔;The Indian Queen; The Indian Emperor; The Conquest of Granada格兰纳达的征服; Tyrannick Love; All for Love;An Essay of Dramatick Poesie论戏剧诗新古典主义6. Alexander Pope (亚历山大蒲柏)Pastorals; The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记; The Dunciad愚人记; Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; 翻译了The Iliad, The Odyssey7. Richard Steel & Joseph Addison(理查德斯蒂尔 & 约瑟夫艾迪生)The Tatler闲谈者; The Spectator旁观者8. William Blake (威廉布莱克)Songs of Innocence; Songs of Experience9. Robert Burns (罗伯特彭斯)A Red, Red Rose; Auld Lang Syne昔日好时光10. Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔约翰逊)A Dictionary of the English Language英语辞典;A Letter to Lord Chesterfield致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书被誉为文人脱离贵族提携和保护的宣言书;The Lives of the Poets诗人传现实主义11. Daniel Defoe (丹尼尔笛福)The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记; The Shortest Way with the Dissenters铲除非国教教徒的捷径; Moll Flanders12. Jonathan Swift(乔纳森斯威夫特)A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议; Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver格里佛游记; A Tale of a Tub桶的故事13. Henry Fielding(亨利菲尔丁)Joseph Andrews; Amelia; The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆琼斯- 现实主义小说最高成就14. Tobias Smollett(托比亚斯斯摩莱特)The Adventures of Roderick Random蓝登传;The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle匹克尔传15. Samuel Richardson(塞缪尔理查逊) 书信形式Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded帕米拉或美德有报; Clarissa克拉丽莎; The History of Sir Charles Grandison查尔斯格兰迪森爵士的历史感伤主义16. Thomas Gray (托马斯格雷)An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽诗17. Lawrence Sterne(劳伦斯斯特恩)The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy项狄传- 开创意识流小说的先驱之作; A Sentimental Journey18. Oliver Goldsmith(奥立弗哥尔德斯密斯)The Good-Naturd Man好心人; She stoops to Conquer屈身求爱; The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传; The Deserted Village荒村; The Citizen of the World世界公民(Chinese Letters中国信札)19. Richard Brinsley Sheridan(理查德布林斯利谢里丹)The School for Scandal造谣学校- 风俗喜剧之巅;The Rivals情敌五、维多利亚时期的英国文学 (19世纪)消极浪漫主义1. William Wordsworth(威廉华兹华斯)I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud独自云游; The