英语语言学试题（ 9）语言学试题及参考答案I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2% 10=20%)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule S NP VP, the arrow can be read as_.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposesC. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers ofthe language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammaticalrules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemes D. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? _.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%)11. As the firststepof theirscientificinvestigationof language,linguistshavetoobserve and collect linguistic fbefore they can do anything else.12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular languageare called srules.13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme.14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as and, but, or.15.The studyof thelinguistic meaningof words,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds.16. Inmaking conversation, thegeneral principle that all participants are expectedtoobserve is called the Cprinciple proposed by J. Grice.17.In additionto socialchanges,oneof themostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechange seems to be the continual process of cultural tacross generations.18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butits usemayreflectthe sattitudeconnoted in the language that is sexist.19.When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we mayregardthoughtassspeech,andspeechasovert thought. Insuchacase,speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.20.Iis the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a Tfor true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement isfalse , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%)21.() Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the writtenform of language and encourage people to imitate the best authors for language usage.22. () In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can beapplied.23. () Wecan alwaystell by the wordsa compoundcontainswhatit meansbecause the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.24.() Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentencesandsentences with infinit