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小学英语常用句型变换根据几年来的教学工作,写几条规律性的总结,仅供大家参考。(一)变否定句、如果句中有动词be,在be动词后直接加not或分别写成它的缩写形式。Eg: I am not a student. she isnt in the room .、如果句中有can,把can换成cant 或写成cannot.Eg: I cant speak English .、如果句中有have/has(当“有”讲),直接加not或写成它的缩写形式havent/hasnt。Eg: I havent a book.、如果是不含以上情况的一般现在时句子,主语是第三人称单数,在动词前加doesnt,主语是其他人称在动词前加dont。Eg: I dont like English. She doesnt play on Sundays.、如果是一般过去时句子,要借助于didnt来完成。Eg: I went to the park yesterday.-I didnt go to the park yesterday.、如果句中有could,would,should,直接加not或写成它的缩写形式。Eg: We shouldnt play football in the street .(二)变一般疑问句及简略回答在简略回答时,问谁答谁,用什么问用什么答(例如用be动词问,就用be动词回答,用did问,就用did回答)。、如果句中有动词be,be动词直接提前,第一人称要变成第二人称。Eg: I am a student.-Are you a student? Yes,I am./ No,I am not.We are workers .-Are you workers ? Yes, we are ./No,we arent .、如果句中有can,have/has(当“有”讲),直接提前,第一人称要变成第二人称。Eg: I have a nice pen.-Have you a nice pen ? Yes,I have./No, I havent .、如果是不含以上情况的一般现在时句子,要借助于do/does.主语是第三人称单数,does 提前,表第三人称单数的动词要恢复原形。主语是其他人称要把do提前,第一人称要变成第二人称。Eg: She likes apples.- Does she like apples ? Yes,she does./No, she doesnt.They often do their homework in the evening .-Do they often do their homework in theevening ?Yes,they are./No,they arent .、如果是一般过去时句子,要借助于did来完成。did提前,但句中表过去式的动词要恢复原形。Eg: She visited her grandpa last Sunday .-Did she visit her grandpa last Sunday ? Yes,she did./No,she didnt. 1. 名词做主语: My school is not far from my house. 2. 代词做主语: We like our school very much. 3. 基数词做主语: Two and two is four. 4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: This is an article. 5. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing. 6. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job needs more knowledge. 7. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder. 主语的补语:它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主系表结构。 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,在最少的时候,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语) 2. - Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶? - Me. -我。 (me做主语补语= Its me.) 3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语) 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语. 英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语。 宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语统称为双宾语。 My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语) She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语) We all like him.(代词作宾语) Give me four.(数词作宾语) We all like to go to school.(不定式to go to school作like的宾语。school作to的宾语) We all like swimming.(动名词作宾语) I think he is right.(宾语从句作宾语) He asked me what I was thinking about at that moment. (me作asked的宾语,he asked me 由what疑问代词引导的宾语从句作宾语) The book is worth reading.( 形容词worth可有宾语) 补充现代汉语词典解释: 宾语是动词的一种连带成分,一般在动词后边,用来回答“谁?”或“什么?”例如“我找厂长”的“厂长”,“他开拖拉机”的“拖拉机”,“接受批评”的“批评”,“他说他不知道”的“他不知道”。有时候一个动词可以带两个宾语,如“教我们化学”的“我们”和“化学”。定语 定义:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示。 充当定语的有:主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。 形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语: The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语: The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。 分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。 定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。 1)定语前置 在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(一般指数量);外观(美丽等);形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦);年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。如: 1限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途 A famous American university. An interesting little red French oil painting. A new plastic bucket. A purple velvet curtains An elegant German clock 另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:
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