2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题All cultures have some system of measuring duration, or keeping time, but in western industrialized societies, we keep track of time in what seems to other peoples almost an obsessive fashion. We view time as motion on a space, a kind of linear progression measured by the clock and the calendar. This perception contributes to our sense of history and the keeping of records, which are typical aspects of western cultures.Although our perceptions of time seem natural to us, we must not assume that other cultures operate on the same time system. For instance, why should we assume that a Hopi raised in the Hopi culture would have the same intuitions about time that we have? In Hopi history, if records had been written, we would find a different set of cultural and environmental influences working together. The Hopi people are a peaceful agricultural society isolated by geographic feature and nomad enemies in a land of little rainfall. Their agriculture is successful only by the greatest perseverance. Extensive preparations are needed to ensure crop growth. Thus the Hopi value persistence and repetition in activity. They have a sense of the cumulative value of numerous, small, repeated movements, for to them such movements are not wasted but are stored up to make changes in later events. The Hopi have no intuition of time as motion, as a smooth flowing line on which everything in the universe proceeds at an equal rate away from a past, through a present, into a foreseeable future.Long and careful study of the Hopi language has revealed that it contains no words, grammatical forms, constructions, or expressions that refer to what we call timethe past, present, or futureor to the duration or lasting aspect of time. To the Hopi, “time” is a “getting later” of everything that has been done, so that past and present merge together. The Hopi do not speak, as we do in English? Of a “new day” or “another day” coming every twenty-four hours; among the Hopi, the return of the day is like the return of a person, a little older but with all the characteristics of yesterday. This Hopi conception, with its emphasis on the repetitive aspect of time rather than its onward flow, may be clearly seen in their ritual dances for rain and good crops, in which the basic step is a short, quick stamping of the foot repeated thousands of times, hour after hour.Of course, the American conception of time is significantly different from that of the Hopi. Americans understanding of time is typical of Western cultures in general and industrialized societies in particular. Americans view time as a commodity, as a “thing” that can be saved, spent, or wasted. We budget our time as we budget our money. We even say, “Time is money”. We are concerned in America with being “on time”; we dont like to “waste” time by waiting for someone who is late or by repeating information; and we like to “spend” time wisely by keeping busy. These statements all sound natural to a North American. In fact, we think, how could it be otherwise? It is difficult for us not to be irritated by the apparent carelessness about time in other cultures. For example, individuals in other countries frequently turn up an hour or more late for an appointment although “being late” is at least within our cultural framework. For instance, how can we begin to enter the cultural world of the Sioux, in which there is no word for “late” or “waiting”. Of course, the fact is that we have not had to enter the Sioux culture; the Sioux have had to enter ours. It is only when we participate in other cultures on their terms that we can begin to see the cultural patterning of time.1.From the passage, the Hopi have no intuition of time as motion because（ ）. 2. What is the Hopis conception of time?3.The concept of time as a commodity in the last paragraph means that （ ）.4.If you were to visit a Sioux festival, it would probably be necessary that（ ）. 5.Which of the following views seems most opposite to the Western perception of time?问题1选项A.their way of living depends greatly on perseverance and repetitionB.they think it necessary to invent their own perception of timeC.their language does not contain words referring to motionD.they think everything should proceed in a linear way问题2选项A.Repeating footsteps is the way they count time.B.The line between past and present is clear.C.When a person returns, the day returns.D.Today is the repetition of yesterday.问题3选项A.time can be used and spent like consumer goodsB.people who work long hours will be paid handsomelyC.people can buy time just like they buy a productD.time is considered priceless that people cant afford问题4选项A.you call in advance if you are going to be lateB.you arrange for transportation well in advanceC.you have a delayed schedule of all the activitiesD.you have a