中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术系 专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名： 孙亚鑫 学 号： 05211622 2015 年 4 月 1 日 外文原文No-tillage drill It is a significative mission for the persons majoring in agriculture mechanics to spread conservation agriculture, especially in the region adopting the double cropping mode. The culture condition in these areas gives some special problem to drill. For example, it is pressing to plant wheat as the follow course of maize; At that time the stalks cover is so heavy and the stalks are so flexile that the block is serious; The bushy maize root makes the earth surface too rough to drill in the no-tillage procedure; And seed bareness is familiar when adopting machines with gravity-root-broken mechanisms, etc. Presently, most native or foreign no-tillage drill can not finish the work smoothly. Designing and manufacturing row-controlled no-tillage wheat drill have been recited in this article based on the analysis and studies of the intention and principles of the conservation tillage. Nowadays the core problem is anti-blocking in the research and design of no-tillage planters domestic and abroad. Although many agricultural machine experts have made some progress, the anti-blocking problem is not solved in grain. Based on it, through classifying and analyzing the anti-blocking equipment used by no-tillage planters and its principle, contrasting their respective strongpoint and shortcoming, in the light of the mulching stalk property and the contrast of two kinds of cutting methods, the radical theory and general framework project of the sliding cutting type anti-blocking equipment are worked out.A new-concept of no-till wheat planter, named 2BMD-12 no-till row-follow wheat planter, had been developed by China Agricultural University to solve an extremely important problem which is zero tillage planting of wheat in narrow row spacing (150-200mm) between rows of very high-levels full length, standing maize stubble in one pass in the double cropping situation of North China. A powered rotary strip-chopping unit was placed forward of each single row of planter tines to ensure that the above-ground section of the planter tine is kept free from residue blockage. Field performance test of the machine demonstrated that it could be a good choice to work effectively for much of the time under more diffcult residue conditions than that most other planters could tolerate especially when it follows well between the standing maize stubble rows. But there are still some problems existing for the rotary strip-chopping unit, planting unit and ground wheels etc. The thesis focused on improving the design of the machine to solve these problems.(1)The strip-chopping axis was redesigned to reduce vibration and power consumption by adjusting the arrangement of the knives and on the basis of analyzing the forces on the axis. The improved machine can adapt to maize row spacing from 500mm to 700mm.(2)More improvements were done on the planning unit focusing on the blockage and depth control issues. A new anti-blockage mechanism, which combines the powered chopping and disc opener, was designed and tested. Fertilizer was applied using the narrow tine opener with chopping unit in front of each tine; while a double disc opener, which is proved to have high residue handling capacity, was installed right behind each tine to seed into the fertilizer furrow. This new design reduced the blockage between planting units. Meanwhile seeding depth of each row can be controlled separately by the ground feeling mechanism on each double-disc opener.So do the mode analysis in the finite element analysis software ANSYS and make appropriate remedy for the main frame and the main shaft. Get a compact firm steady model in the software interface. The block can be eliminated when the knives of pulverizes run through the abutted furrow opener stems. The problem of rough seeding bed is avoided in the use of row controlled method. It is more appropriate to the definition of conservative tillage for disturbing less soil. Seeding and fertilization can be finished in the single course in the field with average cover degree of 4kg/. and all maize standing. It can save time, increase soil fertility, lessen the working procedure to use the drill. Finally, it will reduce the agriculture input.外文资料翻译译文免耕播种机 在我国广大一年两熟地区大力推广保护性耕作是目前该地区农机工作者的重要任务之一，其意义深远。而一年两熟的耕作方式却给免耕播种带来了若干问题，如玉米收获后播种小麦工作的农时紧张，此时由于秸秆和杂草的覆盖量大且韧性强，播种过程中容易造成拥堵;玉米根茬发达致使耕作阻力大;采用单圆盘式开沟器的机具又会出现晾种现象等。目前国内外的多种小麦免耕播种机都不能很好的适应我国一年两熟耕作制度的需要。在认真体会保护性耕作技术的原理与要求后，针对以上诸多问题，设计制造适用于我国一年两熟地区的小麦对行免耕播种机。目前，国内外免耕播种机研制中存在的核心问题是免耕播种机的清草排堵问题。尽管国内外农机专家在免耕播种机的研制中取得了一定的成绩，已应用的排堵方法和防堵装置类型各异，但都未从根本上解决这一问题。通过对以往国内外免耕播种机所采用的防堵装置及其工作原理的分类和分析，对比了它们各自的优缺点，结合免耕地覆盖秸秆的生物力学特性和切割方式的对比分析，在此基础上构想出了滑切式清草排堵装置的基本原理和总体结构设计方案。针对一年两熟地区夏玉米整秆覆盖下免耕直播冬小麦播种机易产