(北京)CHINA UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM毕 业 论 文Study on English Idioms on Human Organs院系名称： 外语系 专业名称： 英 语 学生姓名： 高 燕 学 号： 01061101 指导教师： 杨培荣 完成日期 2005年6月10日中国石油大学（北京）本科毕业论文 第III页人体器官相关英语习语研究摘 要习语是人类语言文化的结晶,正确地使用会给我们的话语及写作增添光彩。许多学者对此进行了深入研究。但是对于人体部位的习语研究却很少。文章对英语习语的定义，特点与分类进行总结，找出一般规律；讨论了英语中与人体器官相关的习语，详细分析了习语的来源，涉及宗教，神话，传奇，寓言等方面；分析人体器官习语的特点，从修辞，变异，省略，等角度论述，找出共性与不同；不同的人体器官可以表达人类的不同感情，以高兴，害怕，伤心等感情为例，说明人体器官习语的多样化特点，指导人们的言行，；器官习语应用广泛，最后介绍了器官习语在文化交际中的应用，并提出对此学习的方法；强调了研究英语中与人体器官有关习语的重要意义，并指出了该文的不足。关键词：英语; 习语; 人体; 器官 Study on English Idioms on Human OrgansAbstractIdioms or set phrases are important products of the language and culture of a society. Proper use of them would add color to ones speech and writing. Yet, few people have studied English idioms with respect to parts of human body. Briefly, it introduces definitions of English idioms, their characteristics as well as their classification; it probes into the origins, how they are related to religions, myths, legends or fables; the history, the colloquial speech of common people, the literatures, and classical works.It explains the characteristics- the figurative meaning and variants; therefore, we find out the same and their differences in human-organ idioms.Also it deals with the applications to cross-culture communication, and gives some suggestions to learners in learning course.We summarize the whole by reinforcing the significance of the thesis, pointing out lacks of theoretical foundations in the thesis, and hoping further study on English human-organ idioms can make the study more complete.We draw a conclusion that different human-organ idioms express different emotions of human beings, i.e. happiness, unhappiness, fear, worry, anger, etc; we can see that human-organ idioms convey a diversification of emotions of human beings, it instructs behaviors of human beings in their daily life. Therefore, we should not expect to act exactly like a foreigner, but to guide ourselves to avoid cultural misunderstanding and conflicts. We should know the implicative and characteristics of idioms on human organs with the communicative behaviors, and to find where the misunderstanding and conflicts may lie as well as the ways to avoid them.Key Words: English; Idiom; Human; OrganContents摘 要IAbstractIIChapter One Idioms and Language1.1 Definitions of idioms1.2Characteristics of idioms1.2.1 Semantic unity.1.2.2 Structural stability1.3Classification of idioms1.3.1 Idioms nominal in nature1.3.2 Idioms adjectival in nature1.3.3 Idioms verbal in nature1.3.4 Idioms adverbial in nature1.3.5 Sentence idiomsChapter Two Origins of Idioms on Human Organs82.1 Idioms on human organs from religion92.2 Idioms on human organs from Myths, Legends or Fables122.3 Idioms on human organs from great works14Chapter Three Characteristics of Idioms on Human Organs193.1 Figurative meaning of idioms on human organs193.2 Variants of idioms on human organs213.2.1 Regular variants223.2.2 Irregular variants223.2.3 Elliptical or shortened forms233.2.4 Synonyms and antonyms24Chapter Four Emotions in Idioms on Human Organs344.1 Human Organ Idioms Related to Happiness354.2Human Organ Idioms Related to Unhappiness374.3Idioms Showing Fear, Worry, Bitterness or Something Alike39Chapter Five Applications of Idioms on Human Organs44Chapter Six Conclusion47Acknowledgements49Bibliography50Chapter One Idioms and Language 第页Chapter One Idioms and LanguageIdioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are peculiar to the language and loaded with native culture and ideas. Therefore idioms are colorful, forcible and thought-provoking. Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements; for example, fly off the handle (became excessively angry) and put up with (tolerate). In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. they form an important part of English vocabulary. This chapter will deal with idioms in terms of their definition, characteristics, and classification. 1.1 Definitions of idiomsThis section presents definitions of English idioms according to three authorized English dictionaries with a brief analysis about them.Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English (1979:428) defines an idiom as (1) language of a people or country; specific character of this, (2) (gram.) succession of words whose meaning is not obvious through knowledge of the individual meaning of the constituent words but must be learnt as a whole.Longman Dictionary of American English with Chinese Translation (1992:613) defines an idiom as: (1) a phrase which means s