英美文学重点English & American LiteratureOld & Medieval English LiteratureOld English: 450-1066 the nationalepicof the Anglo-SaonsMedieval English：1066 - middle 14th centuryGeoffreyChaucer-the father of English poetry(wisdom, humor, humanity) first time to use heroic coupletThe Renaissance Period: 14th mid 17thstarted inItalyA series of historical events:1.rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture2.new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学)3.the religious reformation & economic expansionTheRenaissance-rebirth or revivalHumanism- the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present lifeBest representatives:Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William ShakespeareThe Elizabethan drama: thereal mainstreamof English RenaissanceMost famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben JonsonEdmund Spenser-the poets poet5 quality: 1) a perfect melody2)a rare sense of beauty3)a splendid imagination4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness5)a dedicated idealism lament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind主角：Arthur- who possess12virtuesGloriana the Fairy QueenThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic “Fierce warres and faithfull loves”READING:excerpt fromThe Faerie Queene仙后Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.Christopher Marlowe“University Wits”,the pioneer of EnglishdramaHyperbole(夸张)Marlowes achievement: 1)blank verse无韵诗歌It is Marlowe who brought vitality(活力) and grandeur(伟大) into theblank versewith his “mighty lines,” which carry strongemotions.2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.) the pioneer of Englishdrama3 tragedies: the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness帖木耳大帝a play about anambitiousandpitilessoverpowering king.马尔他的犹太人non-drama pastoral(田园的) life，the most beautifullyrics(抒情诗)READING: 1. excerpt fromDr. Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧A play based on the German legendContent: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒文召唤) he call upMephistophilis, the Devils servant. He make a bond(契约) tosell his soul to the Devilin return for 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. Devils name is Lucifer.Dominant moral ishumanrather thanreligious2.The Passionate(热情的) Shepherd to His Lovethisshort poemis considered to be one ofthe most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗)in English literature.The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园的) and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.William Shakespeare playwright & poet (above all writers in the past and in the present time)1., 2., , , Comedies:, , Tragedy:romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.3.Four tragedies-, , & 4.tragicomedies：Achievement:A. exploring the characterss inner mind.soliloquy(独白) or monologue- fully reveal the inner conflict of the characterscontrasts bring vividness to the charactersB. adroit（精巧的）plot constructionC.Ironyis a good means of dramatic presentation.Disguiseis an important device to create dramatic irony.D. the language.READING：1.Sonnet 18(14 line)eternal or immortal（不朽的）beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry.A nice summers day is usually transient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.2.excerpt fromThe Merchant of Venice to praise the friendship betweenAntonioandBassanio, to idealizePortiaa heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable（不知足的）greed and brutality ofthe Jew.Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia(2) Antonio borrow money fromShylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that requires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of time. Portia disguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there is no mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscated(充公) according to he law of Venice.3Excerpt fromHamlet hesitate betweenfact and fiction, language and action,t