青岛理工大学琴岛学院本科毕业设计说明书（论文）三门峡职业技术学院毕业设计（论文）封面编号：SMXP-7.5.1-P60-R002 日期： 2012 年 4 月 15 日三门峡职业技术学院 毕业设计（论文） 题 目 齿轮减速器的优化设计 指导教师 系部 机电工程 专 业 机电一体化 姓 名 学号 2012年4月15日保存期限：三年 保存部门：专业教研室摘 要 齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式。它的主要优点是： 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力； 适用的功率和速度范围广； 传动效率高，=0.92-0.98； 工作可靠、使用寿命长； 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑。由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛。国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题。另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长。国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长。但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好。当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展。减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品。近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化。针对减速器存在的问题，本课题采用优化设计的方法，力求使减速器的体积达到最小，建立数学模型，并通过matlab语言编辑后，得到一组优化数据，到达预期目标，使减速器的体积比传统的经验设计结果减小20%-30%。并对输出轴做了机械加工工艺分析。 关键字：减速器 优化设计 齿轮 机械传动IAbstractWheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope applies are wide; spreads to move an efficiency high, =0.92-0.98; work is dependable, service life long; Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted tofrom wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine. Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve like The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns. For the reducer problem, the issue of optimal design approach in effort to minimize the size reducer, made the mathematical model, and edited by matlab language, get a set of optimal data to reach the target, so that the volume reducer experience than the traditional design results was reduced by 20%-30%. And the output shaft of the machining process of doing .Key words：Reduction gear、 Optimal design、gear 、mechanical drive 目录摘 要IIAbstractIII绪论31 优化设计31.1原始数据及优化目标31.2优化方案的选择31.3数学模型的建立31.4算法的选取与建立31.5 matlab语言程序编辑32 轴承和传动轴的设计32.1.轴的结构设计32.2 轴的强度校核33 键、联轴器和电动机的选择计算33.1 键的选择计算33.2 联轴器设计33.3 电动机的选择34 箱体结构及其附件的设计34.1 箱体结构的设计34.2 附件设计34.3 润滑密封设计35 减速箱输出轴的工艺性分析35.1 输出轴整体工艺分析35.2 选择毛坯、确定毛坯尺寸、设计毛坯图35.3 选择减速箱输出轴的加工方法，制定工艺路线35.4 机床设备的选用35.5 工序加工余量的确定，工序尺寸及公差的计算35.6 机械加工工艺过程卡片错误！未定义书签。参考文献37绪论齿轮减速器在各行各业中十分广泛地使用着，是一种不可缺少的机械传动装置。当前减速器普遍存在着体积大、重量大，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长。60年代开始生产的少齿差传动、摆线针轮传动、谐波传动等减速器具有传动比大，体积小、机械效率高等优点。但受其传动的理论的限制，不能传递过大的功率，功率一般都要小于40kw。由于在传动的理论上、工艺水平和材料品质方面没有突破，因此，没能从根本上解决传递功率大、传动比大、体积小、重量轻、机械效率高等这些基本要求。90年代初期，国内出现的三环（齿轮）减速器，是一种外平动齿轮传动的减速器，它可实现较大的传动比，传递载荷的能力也大。新型的内平动齿轮减速器与国内外已有的齿轮减速器相比较，有如下特点：（1）传动比范围大，自I=10起，最大可达几千。若制作成大传动比的减速器，则更显示出本减速器的优点。（2）传递功率范围大：并可与电动机联成一体