南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文目 录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论11.1 三坐标测量机的应用与发展11.2 三坐标测量机测量原理51.2.1 三坐标测量机的组成71.2.2 三坐标测量机的结构特点71.3 设计要求82 三坐标测量机的总体设计方案8 2.1 设计任务和内容8 2.2 总体设计方案拟订9 2.2.1 三坐标测量机机械部分设计9 2.2.2 三坐标测量机电路部分设计10 2.3 参数的确定183 三坐标测量进给系统的设计计算193.1 动机的选择计算19 3.1.1 调速电动机的容量的计算19 3.1.2 步进电动机的概述19 3.1.3 步进电动机的容量的计算203.2 轴概述 20 3.2.1 轴的用途203.2.2 轴的材料21 3.2.3 轴的材料213.3 轴的结构设计21 3.3.1 拟定轴上零件的装配方案22 3.3.2 轴上零件的定位 223.3.3 轴的结构设计23 3.3.4 初步设计轴的最小直径.24 3.3.5 拟定轴上零件的装配方案25 3.3.6 根据轴向定位的要求确定轴的个段直径和长度26 3.3.7 轴上零件的轴向定位27 3.3.8 确定轴上圆角和倒角尺寸27 3.4 丝杠螺母副的选用计算27 3.4.1 丝杠螺母的导程的确定27 3.4.2 确定丝杠的等效转速27 3.4.3 丝杠的等效负273.4.4 确定丝杠所受的最大动载荷Cax273.4.5 临界压缩负荷Fcr283.4.6 临界转速验算283.4.7 计算轴承动载荷29 3.4.8 丝杠拉压振动和扭转振动的固有频率验算30 3.5 丝杠的扭转刚度30 3.6 传动精度计算31 3.7 导轨的选型及计算32 3.7.1 滚动导轨的结构及配32 3.7.2 滚动导轨副的预紧33 3.7.3 滚动导轨副润滑防护33 3.8 横向伺服进给系统的设计计算（同以上方法）33 3.9 纵向、横向的移动工作台的装配图（见附图1）334 夹具的初步设计34 4.1 载要34 4.2 机床夹具的基本要求34 4.3 机床夹具概述35 4.3.1 机床夹具的分类35 4.3.2 夹具的作用35 4.3.3 夹具的组成36 4.4 螺旋夹紧装置37 4.4.1 螺旋夹紧力计算37 4.4.2 螺旋夹紧的自锁性能和传力系数38 4.5 螺旋夹紧机构的特点39 4.6 横向伺服系统和立拄的设计计算39结论 40致谢 41参考文献 42附录 43摘要：从60年代初发明到现在，三坐标测量机（CMM）在制造业得到世界范围广泛应用，成为3D检测工业标准设备。三坐标测量技术得到迅速发展，而配套检测软件的发展，更是突飞猛进。最早的三坐标测量机只能显示XYZ坐标，而目前的各种检测软件几乎可以解决用户的绝大部分问题。软件日益成为影响用户使用好坏的关键所在。CMM测量软件发展趋势，对于传统的三坐标测量机检测来说，通常是设计部门提供二维图纸，检验部门根据图纸对工件进行尺寸及形位公差的检测。随着三维CAD软件的应用，越来越多的技术部门使用三维CAD建模技术进行设计。因此，各坐标机厂家纷纷推出了基于三维CAD技术的测量软件，直接将客户设计好的三维CAD模型导入测量软件进行检测。这样做的优点非常明显，不需要额外的图纸，理论值可以直接捕获，更可以进行测量仿真，测头干涉检查等，所以，受到用户的一致好评。基于CAD的测量成为目前三坐标测量软件的发展热点。 关键词三坐标测量机 传感器 三维 传动装置Coordinate measuring machine mechanical design and applicationAbstract：Invents from the beginning of the 60s to present, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) obtains the worldwide scale widespread application in the manufacturing industry, becomes the 3D examination industry standard equipment. Three coordinates survey technology obtains the rapid development, but the necessary examination software development, is progresses by leaps and bounds. The earliest coordinate measuring machines only can demonstrate the XYZ coordinates, but the present each kind of examination software may solve users major part problem nearly. The software becomes the influence user use quality the key to be at day by day. The CMM survey software trend of development, regarding the traditional coordinate measuring machines examination, usually is designs the department to provide the two-dimensional blueprint, the inspection department carries on the size and the shape position common difference examination according to the blueprint to the work piece. Along with the three dimensional CAD software application, the more and more many technical department uses the three dimensional CAD modeling technology to carry on the design. Therefore, various coordinates machine factory has promoted in abundance based on the three dimensional CAD technology survey software, the three dimensional CAD model which designs the customer inducts directly surveys the software to carry on the examination. Does this the merit is extremely obvious, does not need the extra blueprint, the theoretical value may catch directly, may carry on the survey simulation, the gauge head interference inspection and so on, therefore, receives the user the consistent high praise. Survey the software based on the CAD survey into at present three coordinates the development hot spot.Key words Coordinate measuring machines Sensor Three dimensional Transmission device