Exercise 1 概要写作。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps； for there is a companionship of books as well as of men； and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness； amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity(关系）to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is more wisdom in this:“Love me ，love my book. ” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds，ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out(筛选）the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. _ 参考范文： People should choose the best men and books to be their companion (要点 1). And a good book could not only be one of their best friends who is usually a man(要点 2)，but also be the bridge of friendships among people(要点 3) . Besides，books are considered to be immortal in essence, especially good books(要点 4) . Therefore, good books are really important and helpful to all the people(要点 5) . 分析过程： 试题详解 1，核心内容 本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。第一段主要讲于书于人，我们都应以最好的为伴。第二段紧接 第一段内容，用三个特殊时期书扮演的角色来强调好书就像是你最好的朋友。第三段又从第二段人与 书的友谊递进到人与人之间的友谊，阐述了书是人们之间真诚而高尚的情谊纽带。第四段则从另外一 个方面强调了书独有的本质，即好书的不朽性。第五段是第四段的续写，更是全文的总结部分，它再次 强调了书的不朽性和重要性。 2，写作思路 (1)抓住文章的中心。本文讲述了书籍的作用，观点比较鲜明。该文第一段的主题句是“one 第二段从第一段的；whether it be of books or of men”，should always live in the best company其中一个方面进 行叙述，即书籍方面，并正式将文章框定在书籍这个话题，因此主题句为段落首句“A good book may be among the best of friends.”。第三段将人与人之间的友谊与书籍联系在一起，主题句为段落中间的一 句话“The book is a truer and higher bond of union. ”。第四段的主题句十分明显，即段落首句“Books possess an essence of immortality. ”。第五段段落简短，没有明显的主题句，需要读者自己归纳总结，总 的来说，该段是在说明书的不朽性和重要性。 (2)转换表达的方式。第一段中包含要点1,即于人于书，都要找最好的作为自己的伙伴。为了避 免与原文重复，我们可以将原文中的“live in the best company”改成“choose the best men and books to be their companion”。第二段中包含要点 2,原文中的“among the best of friends”可以改成“one of the best friends”。要点3在第三段中，它强调了书籍是人们情谊的纽带，可以把“bond of union”改成 “bridge of friendship”,并且要点3与要点2紧密相连，呈递进关系，故可以用“whats more”进行连接。 第四段中包含要点4,即书籍的不朽性，该要点与前面的要点关系不明显，可以看作并列关系，选择关系 词besides比较恰当。此外，我们可以用词性转换的方式将immortality变为它的形容词immortal。第 五段中心句很难找，但是要点还是明确的，故我们可以归纳为“ the immortality and importance of a good book”,并且，该段为终结段落，故可以用上表总结的连词，如“therefore, thus, all in all”等。 提炼归纳： 1， 利用同义复现 本范文中我们将company表达为同义词companion,并用“the bridge of friendship”替换“the bond of union”。同时，可以利用转换词性的方法来避免重复，如将immortality变为它的形 如此一来，不仅可以避免重复原文内容，还可以使该概要简洁且全面。 。immortal容词2，巧用语态转换 概要写作中我们常常会找不到合适的词替换原有的词来表达相同的意思，这个时候可以通过句子 成分分析来转换语态达到不重复使用原句的目的，如将主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子，或将被 动语态的句子转变为主动语态。而在整个过程中，需要学生在平时就掌握好句子成分分析的技能。在 原文中“Books possess an essence of immortality”为一个主动句，也是该段的主题句，为了将其意思完整 地表达在概要中，并且不用原句，我们可以将这个主动句改为被动句“books are considered to be immortal in essence”。 Exercise 2 By todays standards, my mobile phone is pretty rubbish. Its a Nokia 1616，a small，not very heavy device with which you can send and receive calls and messages. It also has a handy torch on the top. Other than that, my phone doesnt do much. Its nothing compared to a smartphone. Why would I want one of those? I have often been told that the big advantage of having a smartphone is that: “You can do everything with them!?, Okay, they may have endless functions, but generally they are used for checking social networking sites, playing games, and receiving and replying to emails. Fm happy just doing all of those things on my laptop. As far as I can tell, the best thing about having a smartphone is that you can be connected to the Internet all the time. I love the Internet，but I just dont see the point of constantly being online. I would think that if someone needed me urgently, they would just ring me rather than send an email. And my trusty No