目的论视角下的字幕翻译:肖申克的救赎与阿甘正传的个案研究 摘 要随着跨文化交际以及试听技术的发展，外国电影在中国越来越受欢迎。然而，由于极少译者把字幕翻译与文学翻译放在同等重要的位置，因而，字幕翻译，作为电影不可或缺的组成部分，其质量有待提高。本文试图在目的论的框架下，分析和讨论字幕翻译，旨在提高翻译质量。 “目的论”认为，翻译是一种有目的的活动。决定翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻译行为的目的。译文的预期目的与译文的接受者决定了翻译策略的选择。本文在目的论的框架下，比较电影肖申克的救赎以及阿甘正传的几个不同的字幕翻译版本，来分析出现这些不同的原因，以提高字幕翻译的质量。然而，到目前为止，不少研究都从目的论的视角下研究字幕翻译。大多数研究都集中分析了字幕翻译中的成功案例，一些研究也分析了字幕翻译中的错误案例，但缺乏足够数量的翻译版本，也让论文显得不太具说服力。而本文的创新点在于尽可能多地搜集两部电影的不同的翻译版本，从目的论视角下逐个研究，作出详细地对比分析，指出其优劣，并提出修改意见。本文分为5个主体部分：第一章是引言部分，主要涉及研究背景，研究问题以及研究方法三个方面。第二章文献回顾，对字幕翻译，国内外字幕翻译研究以及目的论做一个简单的文献综述。第三章主要介绍字幕翻译并从目的论的视角分析字幕翻译。第四章选取美国电影肖申克的救赎和阿甘正传作为案例进行研究，并详细分析这两部电影的几个不同版本的字幕翻译中各自存在的问题，并指出较好的译本。第五章是结论部分，对论文作的分析进行总结，指出本文研究的局限性，并对未来字幕翻译研究提出建议。关键词：字幕翻译, 目的论, 肖申克的救赎, 阿甘正传, 版本分析iiAbstractForeign films nowadays are enjoying more popularity in China in terms of the cross-cultural exchanges with the fast development of audiovisual technology. However, subtitling as an indispensable part of films being distributed in foreign cultures is far from being satisfactory and leaves something to be desired. One of the reasons might lie in the factor that translators seldom pay equal heed to film subtitling as to literary translation, thus leaving many low quality subtitles. The thesis attempts to analyze and discuss the subtitle translation within the framework of skopostheorie, with the intention to further improve the quality of English to Chinese subtitling.According to skopostheorie, translation is considered to be a purposeful activity and it is the purpose of this translation that decides the translation activity, while the aim of the translation action is determined by the target text addressees. According to this theory that emphasizes target-audience oriented translation, source text has lost its dominance in the translation. Skopostheorie makes a shift from equivalence approach to multi-perspective understanding of translation practice, which cannot be explained by traditional translation standards. After careful selection, the two classic and high-quality films The Shawshank Redemption and Forrest Gump have been chosen, comparisons between the similarities and differences between the films are discussed before the case study of them have been brought in for study within the framework of skopostheorie. In the case study, different translation versions of the films are collected from the shooter website and analysis is carried out to explain why the differences of translations appear and which version is better, to find improve the quality of the subtitling within the framework of skopostheorie.This thesis is divided into five parts:iiiChapter One is the introduction, mainly dealing with the research background, research issues and methodology.Chapter Two is the literature review, which gives a general introduction to subtitling and presents an overview of subtitling.Chapter Three gives a general introduction to skopostheorie and studies subtitling from the perspective of skopostheorie.Chapter Four at the beginning presents the reasons of the selection of the two films and then a case study of the two American films has been presented, in which a detailed analysis of the different translations in them is given. Chapter Five is a conclusion which gives a summarized idea of this thesis with a brief account of the research limitations and suggestions.Key words: subtitle translation; skopostheorie; The Shawshank Redemption; Forrest Gump; version analysisivTable of contentsAcknowledgementsi摘 要iiAbstractiiiChapter One Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Research Issues31.3 Methodology4Chapter Two Literature Review52.1 Studies on Subtitle Translation Abroad52.2 Studies on Subtitle Translation in China62.3 Definitions of Subtitling72.4 Characteristics of Subtitle Translation92.4.1 Subtitling as both Inter-lingual and Inter-semiotic Process102.4.2 Technical Convention112.4.3 Constraints of Subtitling112.5 Summary12Chapter Three Skopostheorie133.1 The Development of Skopos Rules133.2 Three Rules and Their Relationship in Skopostheorie143.2.1 The Skopos Rule143.2.2 Coherence Rule153.2.3 Fidelity Rule163.3 Adaptability of Skopostheorie in Subtitle Translation16Chapter Four Case Study184.1 An Introduction to the Films184.1.1 The Shawshank Redemption184.1.2 Title Translation of the Shawshank Redemption194.1.3 Forrest Gump204.1.4 Title Translation of Forrest Gump214.2 The Comparison between the Two Films224.2.1 Similarities234.2.1.1Themes234.2.1.2 Symbolization234.2.2 Differences254.2.2.1 Different Feelings of Seeing the Films254.2.2.2 Narrative Strategies264.2.2.3 Language Features in the Two Films264.3 Strategies Used in the Subtitle Translation284.3.1 Reduction294.3.1.1Content Reduction304.3.1.2 Domestication Reduction424.3.1.3 Paraphrasing Condensation474.3.2 Addition and Exp