. . 装订线. . . 山东农业大学毕 业 论 文 基于MATLAB的变压器故障仿真 及保护分析院 部 电气工程及其自动化专业班级 电气4班 届 次 2011届 学生姓名 耿升杰 学 号 20110696 指导老师 刘平 二零一五年六月一日目 录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论12 变压器异常现象及分析22.1 变压器内部故障22.1.1 变压器线路故障22.1.2 变压器内部异响22.1.3 爆炸事故及套管闪络故障22.1.4 变压器油箱温度和油管故障22.1.5 匝间绝缘故障32.2 内部故障励磁涌流仿真42.2.1 仿真要求及目的42.2.2 仿真参数介绍及波形43 变压器外部故障104 变压器保护动作处理134.1 基于变压器模型的保护原理134.1.1 基本原理134.1.2 算法144.2 瓦斯保护164.2.1 瓦斯保护动作164.2.2 瓦斯保护在跳闸时的作用164.3 零序电流保护174.4 气相色谱分析法的使用判断185 跳闸及冷却器故障分析及处理215.1 变压器负荷承载过量215.2 短路的电流和不平衡电流225.3 短路故障235.4 冷却器故障处理235.5 变压器内油量警报245.6 冷却器电源故障信号处理245.7 冷却器检测246 变压器开关故障分析及处理方法256.1 无负载的分接开关分析256.2 有负载的分接开关分析267 总结分析28参考文献29致谢30ContentsAbstractI1 Introduction12 Abnormal phenomenon and analysis of transformer12.1 Transformer internal fault22.1.1 Transformer fault22.1.2 Transformer internal damage22.1.3 Explosion accident and casing flashover fault22.1.4 Transformer fuel tank temperature and tubing failure22.1.5 Fault of inter turn insulation42.2 Simulation of internal fault inrush current52.2.1 Simulation requirements and objectives52.2.2 Simulation parameters and waveforms63 Transformer external fault114 Transformer protection action processing154.1 Gas protection154.1.1 Gas protection action154.1.2 Role of gas protection during tripping164.2 Gas protection154.2.1 Gas protection action154.2.2 Role of gas protection during tripping164.3 Zero sequence current protection164.4 The use of gas chromatography analysis175 Trip and cooler fault analysis and treatment195.1 Transformer load carrying excess205.2 Short-circuit current and unbalanced current215.3 Short-circuit fault215.4 Cooler fault treatment225.5 Transformer oil quantity alarm235.6 Trouble signal processing for cooler power source235.7 Cooler detection236 Analysis and processing method of transformer switch fault246.1 Analysis of load free tap changer256.2 Analysis of load tap changer277 Summarize and analyze28 References29 Acknowledgement30基于MATLAB的变压器故障仿真及保护分析作者：耿升杰 指导老师：刘平（山东农业大学 机械与电子工程学院）摘要:变压器主要用于稳压、电压变换、隔离。按用途分种类多，主要有单相变压器、干式变压器、箱式变压器、防雷变压器、整流变压器、配电变压器、电力变压器等。按铁心形状主要有E型和C型铁。变压器是电力系统正常运行关键设备之一，由于变压器的长时间高效率运行，故障事故总不可避免的产生。但其具有无可替代性，尤其是大型变压设备太过昂贵，没有办法经常更换，所以变压器的故障也很引起人们的高度重视。对变压器内部故障电气量变化规律的认识是开发新的保护方案的前提，因此有必要进行变压器内部故障仿真。本文在综合分析变压器内部故障及励磁涌流仿真现状的情况下采用simulink软件中的多路互感支路模型模拟故障变压器。对于变压器的异常状态运行和常见故障进行仿真分析和经验总结，对于及时准确的把握故障原因，及时的采取处理方法确保设备的安全运行意义重大。所以将变压器故障进行全面的总结以及将新流行的方法用于实际十分重要。关键词：变压器 运行故障 分析 仿真 Transformer Fault Analysis and ImprovementAuthor: Geng Sheng Jie Instructor: Liu Ping(Mechanical & Electrical Engineering College of Shandong Agricultural University, professor)Abstract The transformer is mainly used for voltage regulation, voltage conversion and isolation. According to the use of different types of, the main single-phase transformers, dry transformers, transformers, lightning protection transformers, rectifier transformers, power distribution transformers, power transformers, etc. According to the core shape are mainly E type and C type. Transformer is one of the key equipments in power system, because of the long running of the transformer, the inevitable result of the fault accident is inevitable. But it has irreplaceable, especially large transformer equipment is too expensive, there is no way to change often, so the maintenance of the transformer is caused by peoples attention. The understanding of the variation of electrical quantity of transformer internal fault is the premise of developing new protection scheme. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the internal fault of the transformer. In this paper, the multi - channel mutual inductance branch model of the transformer is simulated by Simulink software in the case of the simulation of the transformer internal fault and inrush current. For abnormal state operation of the transformer and the common fault of simulation analysis and experience summary, the reason for the timely and accurate grasp of the fault, timely take processing methods to ensure the safe operation of the equipment is of great significance. In this regard, the maintenance of the transformer method of comprehensive summary and the new popular method for the actual important.Keywords: Transformer; Running fault; Analysis; Simulation II1 绪论变压器在常见电气设备中，属于构造相对简单实用的电器设备，却又是各个领域绝对不能缺少的。应该做好经常性的故障工作，包括浸油等各个方面的常规检查，这样可以尽最大可能消除可能发生的故障。变压器发生故障，轻则导致区域性用户用电供应不畅，造成生活不便，重则导致炼油厂，炼铁厂等大型工厂和大规模家电设备烧毁造成不可估量的损失。对于大型变压器及超高压远距离输电线路在电力系统中的运行，恶化了变压器保护的工作环境，使得原有的保护判据正确动作率相对不高，对继电保护研究工作提出了新的要求。对变压器内部故障电气量变化规律的认识是开发新的保护方案的前提，因此有必要进行变压器内部故障仿真。本文在综合分析变压器内部故障及励磁涌流仿真现状的情况下采用simulink软件中的多路互感支路模型模拟故障变压器，目前的方法在参数计算