英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of ahero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1.Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P52.Using metaphor and understatement（保守的陈述）Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340(?)1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfl II The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology(占星术)2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? ( B )A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1.Using Spenserian Stanza（诗的一节）Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter（五步抑扬格）, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament（哀悼） over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱n2. Thomasl More托马斯莫尔14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦n3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.nWriting style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions（暗示，提及）, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )nThe theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4.Ben Jonson狐狸5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to _ with his “mighty lines” ( D )A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestinaC. terza rima D. blank verse浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）帖木耳大帝n马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616lHistorical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics:失乐园n复乐园Dramatic poem:力士参孙 论出版自由n为英国人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its th