毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目： TRANSFER AND UNIT MACHINE 组合机床 学生姓名： 学号： 专业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 所在学院： 龙蟠学院 指导教师： 职称： 讲师 2012年 11月 23 日说明：要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。TRANSFER AND UNIT MACHINE While the specific intention and application for transfer and unit machine vary from one machine type to another, all forms of transfer and unit machine have common benefits. Here are but a few of the more important benefits offered by TRANSFER AND UNIT MACHINE equipment.The first benefit offered by all forms of transfer and unit machine is improved automation. The operator intervention related to producing workpieces can be reduced or eliminated. Many transfer and unit machine can run unattended during their entire machining cycle, freeing the operator to do other tasks. This gives the transfer and unit machine user several side benefits including reduced operator fatigue, fewer mistakes caused by human error, and consistent and predictable machining time for each workpiece. Since the machine will be running under program control, the skill level required of the transfer and unit machine operator (related to basic machining practice) is also reduced as compared to a machinist producing workpieces with conventional machine tools.The second major benefit of transfer and unit machine technology is consistent and accurate workpieces. Todays transfer and unit machines boast almost unbelievable accuracy and repeatability specifications. This means that once a program is verified, two, ten, or one thousand identical workpieces can be easily produced with precision and consistency.rd benefit offered by most forms of transfer and unit machine tools is flexibility. Since these machines are run from programs, running a different workpiece is almost as easy as loading a different program. Once a program has been verified and executed for one production run, it can be easily recalled the next time the workpiece is to be run. This leads to yet another benefit, fast change over. Since these machines are very easy to set up and run, and since programs can be easily loaded, they allow very short setup time. This is imperative with todays just-in-time (JIT) product requirements.Motion control - the heart of transfer and unit machineThe most basic function of any transfer and unit machine is automatic, precise, and consistent motion control. Rather than applying completely mechanical devices to cause motion as is required on most conventional machine tools, transfer and unit machines allow motion control in a revolutionary manner2. All forms of transfer and unit machine equipment have two or more directions of motion, called axes. These axes can be precisely and automatically positioned along their lengths of travel. The two most common axis types are linear (driven along a straight path) and rotary (driven along a circular path).Instead of causing motion by turning cranks and handwheels as is required on conventional machine tools, transfer and unit machines allow motions to be commanded through programmed commands. Generally speaking, the motion type (rapid, linear, and circular), the axes to move, the amount of motion and the motion rate (feedrate) are programmable with almost all transfer and unit machine tools.A transfer and unit machine command executed within the control tells the drive motor to rotate a precise number of times. The rotation of the drive motor in turn rotates the ball screw. And the ball screw drives the linear axis (slide). A feedback device (linear scale) on the slide allows the control to confirm that the commanded number of rotations has taken place3. Refer to fig.1.Fig.1Though a rather crude analogy, the same basic linear motion can be found on a common table vise. As you rotate the vise crank, you rotate a lead screw that, in turn, drives the movable jaw on the vise. By comparison, a linear axis on a transfer and unit machine machine tool is extremely precise. The number of revolutions of the axis drive motor precisely controls the amount of linear motion along the axis.How axis motion is commanded - understanding coordinate systemsIt would be infeasible for the transfer and unit machine user to cause axis motion by trying to tell each axis drive motor how many times to rotate in order to command a given linear motion amount4. (This would be like having to figure out how many turns of the handle on a table vise will cause the movable jaw to move exactly one inch!) Instead, all transfer and unit machine controls allow axis motion to be commanded in a much simpl