中小学个性化教育专家精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号_ 学员编号： 年 级： 高三 课时数及课时进度：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及日期课 题 阅读理解之主旨大意题授课时间：备课时间：教学目标阅读理解（议论文、夹叙夹议类）中主旨大意题解题方法与技巧的掌握及灵活运用重点、难点解题思路与应试技巧的掌握考点及考试要求理解主旨和要义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者意图、观点和态度教学内容Step I、ProverbsWhere there is a will, there is a way.Well begun is half done.It is never too old to learn.Step II、阅读理解主旨大意题型方法指导高考对主旨大意题的考查主要包括基本论点、文章标题、主题及作者意图、观点、态度等方面。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章高度概括或总结，属于高层次阅读理解题，很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力，没有把握。一、题型特点与命题方式此类题型主要针对段落或短文的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、标题(title)、作者写作意图(purpose)拟题。要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想，分析文章篇章结构，抓住开头的主旨句及文章最后的结论，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。常见设问形式如下：What is the best title/headline for the passage？ Which is the best possible title for the passage？Which of the following is the best title for the passage? What is the theme/subject/topic of the passage/story? What is the text mainly about？ What does the passage mainly discuss?With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? What does the passage chiefly deal with?What does the author mainly want to tell us in this passage?The purpose of the passage is to .二、解题思路与应试技巧 首先，考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，留意文章开头与结尾，注意每一段落的主题句（开头居多），抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳文章主题思想。其次，要注意干扰项的设定特点。主旨大意题选项的干扰项大致可分为三类：以局部代整体；夸大事实程度；与文章无关。考生在阅读时，千万不能被这些干扰项所迷惑，也不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断，而应回归原文仔细分析文章结构，提炼关键信息，从而得出正确选项。再次，做这类题型时应主要使用略读法(skimming)。即快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句，再把各段主题句联系起来，着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章重心，并概括出文章中心。在阅读过程中应留意一些有利于把握文章主题句的关键词，如举例词汇first, second，因果联系词汇because, so，转折关系词汇but, however以及一些描述人物、事物的重要特征的词等。下面结合最新高考题（议论文及夹叙夹议类文章），对主旨大意题的不同类型加以解读。1、文章大意类文章大意主要通过文章主题、中心思想及作者写作意图体现。解答此类题关键是要找出主题句，把握文章主旨。那么应如何进行主题句定位呢？这对考生来说是一大难点。一般来说，议论文及夹叙夹议类文章的写作方法有以下五种，理清作者的写作思路有助于我们快速找出主题句。1) 正三角形写作法。即主题句位于句首，接下来的部分为细节描写，目的是用来支撑、印证句首的主题句；2) 倒三角形写作法。即主题句位于句末，前面部分的细节描写是为了归纳要点，得出结论或建议，最终引出文章的主题句。3) 圆形写作法。即首尾呼应，主题句在句首和句末均有体现。首先提出主题，接着用细节拓展主题，结尾再点主题，进一步深化文章中心思想。4) 菱形写作法。即主题出现在中间。文章开头提出问题，接着引出主题，然后对主题进行解释、支撑、发展。5) 正方形写作法。主题句隐含于全文，即全文没有明确的主题句，读者需寻找关键词、句，把所有细节综合起来方能确定文章主题。l 当然无论是哪种写作方法，对议论文来说，都应特别注意表明作者观点态度的词句，如果出现两种或更多观点时，应尤其关注转折词，如but, yet, although, however, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等，转折词后的句子通常就是作者想要表达的观点。而对于记叙文及夹叙夹议类文章来说，则应注意概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。【考例分析 1】（2008广东卷，A篇，夹叙夹议类）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families.注意关键词 “getting narrow”, 主题句出现在句中， 由前面的叙述转向议论， 对叙述的问题进行观点提炼 Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “Theres still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B. Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D. Parents share m