第一部分 掌握基础词法第一讲名词、冠词(一)名词可数名词的复数形式全析考法 .单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _ (cause)解析：causes此处的cause是可数名词，表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。2(20186月浙江高考)Making Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.解析：dishes此处dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指中国菜。3(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：effects根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。4(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析：crowds根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。5(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum she never suspects.解析：daysevery few days表示“每隔几天”，此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。6(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting)解析：paintingspainting意为“图片，图画”，是可数名词，由于前有“so many”修饰，故使用其复数形式。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken._解析：chickenchickens短语dozens of之后应该使用可数名词chicken“鸡”的复数形式。2(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room._解析：sortsorts由前面的all 修饰可数名词sort可知，应用sort的复数形式；all sorts意为“各种各样的”。3(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”_解析：mistakemistakesand连接两个平行成分，前面的textbooks为复数，故可数名词mistake“错误”应改为 mistakes。4(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”_解析：wordwords根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多句，故此处应用word的复数形式。5(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me._解析：yearyears此处指1319岁的年龄，且其后be动词为were，故用year的复数形式。6(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here._解析：friendfriends名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。7(2015浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass._解析：sidesides前面有three修饰，故side要用复数形式sides。8(2014全国卷)Since then for all these year we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please._解析：yearyearsyear为可数名词，其前面有these修饰，故应用其复数形式years。9(2014全国卷)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day._解析：第一个hourhours此处指一个半小时，所以用hour的复数形式。10(2014辽宁高考)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking._解析：timetimes根据前面表示数量的词several可知，此处time意为“次数”，应用复数形式。谨记规则(一)规则名词的6种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smouthmouths以s, x, ch，sh 结尾的名词在词尾加esglassglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriesfactoryfactories以元音字母y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加sholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加sphotophotos有些在词尾加espotatopotatoes以f, fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v再加esselfselves wolfwolves少数直接加sbeliefbeliefs(二)可数名词复数的3种不规则变化形式变化规则例词单复数同形deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish变内部元音footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice， manmen, womanwomen外来名词mediummedia(媒体)phenomenonphenomena(现象)analysisanalyses(分析)特别注意fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，表示“条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。(三)合成名词复数的2类变化形式1若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。passerbypassersby, sisterinlawsistersinlaw, grownupgrownups2“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：women engineers。不可数名词全析考法单句改错1(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet._解析：informationsinformationinformation是不可数名词，没有复数形式。2(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._解析：knowledgesknowledgeknowledge意为“知识”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。3(2015全国卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier._解析：airsair由后面的定语从句“we breathe in”可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air意为“空气”时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。谨记规则(一)常见的24个不可数名词单词词义单词词义fun乐趣homework家庭作业progress进步equipment设备bread面包wealth财富knowledge知识room空间