2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding bland. If you add a word, put on insertion mark () in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank. (10%)Example:When art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe twins occur about once in eighty-seven human births.A little more than one quarter of these is identical twins, 36. _which develops from the equal division of a fertilized egg. 37. _Identical twins are always the same sex and have the sameblood group and eye color. If one has a gift of music, it is 38. _not surprising if other does too. However, if one is left-handed, 39. _the other may be right-handed. If the hair of one growsclockwise from the crown, the others hair may growcounterclockwise. Fraternal twins develop from two separateeggs that were fertilized at the same time. They can be of 40. _different sexes and often look no much alike than other 41. _members of the same family. The more babies per birth,the less frequently such births occur. Triplets occur aboutone in 7569 births, but sextupletsmultiple births of five 42. _occur one in about five million births. Multiple birthsare common among low animals, but identical offspring 43. _is rare, except for one species of armadillo. The female 44. _armadillo always gives birth up to quadruplets. 45. _【答案】36.is are37.develops develop38.of for39. other the40.were are41.much more42.five six43.low lower44.is are45.up 【解析】36.由主语one quarter of these（四分之一的双胞胎）可知，此处是分数引导的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数需要根据分数后面的名词来决定，此处的these是复数，因此be动词要用复数are，故改is为are正确。37.定语从句中的关系代词which指的是identical twins（同卵双胞胎），所以从句中的动词要用复数形式，故改develops为develop正确。38.gift表示“天赋”，一般与for搭配，故把of改为for正确。39.这一句是说“如果双胞胎的其中一个有音乐天赋，那么另外一个有音乐天赋并不奇怪”，表示两者中的其中一个要用the other，表示特指；other单独使用表示“其他的”，为形容词。故在other前面添加定冠词the正确。40.这一句的意思是“异卵双胞胎是由两个受精卵同时发育而成的”，为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，所以that定语从句中的were要改为are。41.由than可知，no more than为固定用法，表示“不比更”，故改much为more正确。42.破折号的内容是解释sextuplets（六胞胎）一词，而破折号说的是multiple births of five（5个胎儿的多胞胎），这明显与sextuplets不符，故改five为six正确。43.这一句是说“多胞胎在低等生物中很常见”，而low表示“低的”，低级生物要用lower animal表示，所以改low为lower正确。44.offspring是复数名词，be动词应该用are，故改is为are正确。45.表示“生产”应该是give birth to，这里的up是多余的，所以把up去掉正确。2. 单选题The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebratesor creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of “foreign” cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) , there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of