外研版九年级英语上语法汇总一. 现在进行时的用法 现在进行时主要用来表示现在活当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。例如：Im watching TV now.例如：Lucy is preparing for the test these days, but now she is playing the piano.现在进行时肯定句的结构：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词（-ing）以动词work为例：肯定式I am working.He/she/it is working.We/You/They are working.疑问式Am i working?Is he/She/It working?Are we/you/they working?否定式1,I am not working.2,He/She/It is not(isnt) working.3,We/You/They are not(arent) working.否定疑问式1,Am i not working?2,Is he/she/it not working? 或Isnt he/she/it working?3,Are we/you/they not working? 或 Arent we/you/they working?注意：come，go，leave，arrive，fly，start，begin等动词，可用现在进行时表示将来的概念。例如：The train is leaving in five minutes.二. 一般将来时的用法1. be going to引导的一般将来时be going to表示将要发生的事或打算、计划要做某事，它是一般将来时的一种表达形式，其后常有表示将来的时间状语， 如tomorrow、next week等，形式是：be going to +动词原形。be随着主语人称和数的变化而变化，而going to固定不变，to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形。例如：I am going to study hard this term. 我打算这学期努力学习。She is going to write to him as soon as possible. 她打算尽快给他写信。2. will引导的一般将来时will是助动词，意为“将；将要”，其后要跟动词原形，即“will +动词原形”构成一般将来时，描述从现在来看将要发生的事情或表达对将来的预测等。助动词will可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化。句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow、next week、in ten years等。肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其他；否定句：主语+will not/wont +动词原形+其他；一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其他？ 例如：I will visit my grandparents next weekend. 下周末，我将去拜访我的爷爷奶奶。-Will he pass the exam tomorrow? -Yes, he will. -他将会通过明天的考试吗？-是的，他会的。注意：shall+动词原形，可用于主语为第一人称的一般将来时(英国人的用法)。例如：Where shall we meet tomorrow? 我们明天在哪里会面？Be going to和will 的区别：be going to既可以指主管打算也可以住客观迹象表明将要发生；will往往指没有经过计划，临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意愿或指将来必然发生的事。例如：I am going to quit my present job.我打算辞去目前的工作。(目前经过思考后的打算，指向将来)I will answer the door.我去开门。(未经事先考虑的意图)The little boy is going to fall over.这个小男孩要摔倒了。(根据客观迹象得出判断)I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天会好起来。（主观意愿）三，一般现在时的用法（1）概念：表示经常性，习惯性动作；也表示客观真理；用于时间或条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”(主语将来时，从句一般现在时)这一规律。（2）常与下列单词或词组连用：always，usually，often, sometimes，every week (day，year，month)，once a week，on Sundays例：We are always ready to help others.（3）基本结构：主语+is/am/are或do/does(动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式）例：It always snows here at this time.（4）否定形式：谓语动词为be动词时，需改成am/is/are+not；若谓语动词为行为动词，则在其前加dont/doesnt，行为动词恢复原形。例：He doesnt know what to say.（5）一般疑问句：谓语动词为be动词时，需将is/am/are放于句首；若谓语动词为行为动词，需将助动词do/does提至句首，同时行为动词恢复原形。例：Does he know what to say?The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。四， 一般过去时的用法（1）概念：表示过去某一段时间所发生的动作和存在的状态。（2）时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，last(year，night，month)，in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc。（3）基本结构：主语+be动词的过去形式/行为动词的过去式（4）否定形式：was/were+not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时行为动词恢复原形。（5）一般疑问句：be动词将was或were放于句首；行为动词用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时行为动词恢复原形。例：She often came to see us in those days.He didnt know you were so busy.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表将来动作。Alina said she would come if I waited for her. 艾琳娜说如果我等她，她会来的。五， 现在完成时（1）概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或存在的状态。（2）时间状语：recently，lately，never，before，for，since，in the past few years，etc。（3）基本结构：have/has + done(动词的过去分词)（4）否定形式：have/has + not +done（5）一般疑问句：把have或has提到句首。例：I have read the book before.Zhengzhou has changed a lot in the past few years.注意：现在完成时表动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意举重的谓语动词应是延续性动作，非延续性动作在肯定句不可和一段时间连用。错误：I have left this school for 8 years. 正确：I have been away from school for 8 years.在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。I havent gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。延续性动词换为延续性动词非延续性动作延续性动作非延续性动作延续性动作BuyHaveFinishBe overBorrowKeepDieBe deadOpenBe openCatch a coldHave a coldCloseBe closedPut onWearBegin/startBe onGet upBe upComeBe hereWake upBe awakeGoBe thereFall asleepBe asleepLoseNot haveJoinBe inLeaveBe awayArrive/reachBeMarry/get marriedBe married一，as soon as引导时间状语从句as soon as引导时间状语从句，从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，意为“一就”。如果主句用一般将来时或含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时表示将来。当从句中用一般过去时的时候，主句用过去的某种时态。主句将来时as soon as 从句过去时 (主将从现)主句过去时 as soon as 从句过去时例如：I will tell him the good news as soon as he comes back.他一回来，我就会告诉他这个好消息。My father started to read the newspaper as soon as he sat down. 我父亲一坐下就开始看报纸。二，when/while/as引导的时间状语从句1. when意为“当的时候”，当引导从句时，谓语动词可用延续性动词，也可用短暂性动词。从句中的动词可表动作，也可表状态。主语的动作可以与从句的动作时间同时，也可不同时。例：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.2. while意为“在的时候；在期间”，指一个时间段，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。例：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspapers.3. as意为“当的时候；随着”，从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词，也可用短暂性动词。强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。例：As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.The little girls sang as they danced.异同点when/while/as都是可用在时间状语从句前的连词，意为“当时候”。1.相同点：从句谓语是延续性动词时：when、while和as可以互换。但是多用while。例：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/whilefather was away in France.2.不同点：三，由连词till/until(not.until)引导的时间状语从句till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们