专题三 非谓语动词非谓语动词的核心考点1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth. ”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。My job is to teach English.(说明内容)beto do sth. (表示按计划要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do sth. 主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to have done主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成时。(B)was/were to不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等词后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.题组训练1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold).5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) peoples concern over food safety.8.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2.forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget do