上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。 2、构成：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语be动词其他如：I am a student. He is Jims father. They are from Japan.2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语（非第三人称单数）动词原形其他如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.主语（第三人称单数）动词的第三人称单数形式其他如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则： 一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does 以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies 不规则变化 如：have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TVevery day.They dont watch TVevery day.Do they watch TV every day?Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TVevery day.She doesnt watchTV every day. Does she watch TV every day?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 现在进行时1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing）3、动词现在分词构成： 一般是在动词原形后加ing 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now.He isnt running now. Is he running now?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. They are making a puppet.They arent making a puppet. Are they making a puppet?Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 一般过去时1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a moment ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this morning等。如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.2、构成：主语动词的过去式其他3、动词过去式的变化规则： 一般在动词原形末尾加ed 如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked 结尾是e的动词，加d 如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted 辅音字母y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed 如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed 如：stop-stopped，plan-planned 不规则变化 如：am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-boughtcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He watched TV yesterday.He didnt watch TV yesterday. Did he watch TV yesterday?Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.They played games just now.They didnt play games just now. Did they play games just now?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt. 一般将来时1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成： be gong to +动词原形 如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. will +动词原形 如：They will go swimming this afternoon.3、be going to 和will 区别： be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.They are cleaning the library now. Ill go and join them.be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day. be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! Its going to rain.4、一般将来时句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.They will go swimming this afternoon.They will not(wont) go swimming this afternoon.Will they go swimming this afternoon?Yes, they will. / No, they wont. 句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语谓语其他1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.2）否定陈述句 He doesnt do housework at weekends3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。Mary was at school yesterday. Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane. I can not make a model plane.不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（dont，doesnt，didnt），后面跟动词的原形。He likes drawing pictures.He doesnt like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. I didnt go to the park yesterday.4）陈述句改一般疑问句有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. Can you make a model plane?不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.Does he like drawing picture