Linux下DNS服务器bind的安装、配置和应用一、 DNS工作原理1. 当要进行域名解析的时候，系统会向本地DNS发出解析请求，由本地DNS服务器解析域名与对应的IP地址。2. 本地DNS服务器接收到解析请求后，再自己的本地数据库中查找与请求相匹配的DNS记录条目，如果本地没有相匹配的记录，则本地DNS服务器就会向根域名服务器发出查询请求。3. 根域名服务器在接收到查询请求时，会把查询请求发送到相应的顶级域，再由顶级域发送到二级域，再由二级域发送到三级域，以此类推，直到查询到请求的相应记录，然后发送回本地DNS服务器。4. 最终由本地DNS服务器把结果返回给客户端。5. 如果经过查找后仍然无记录，则由本地DNS服务器向客户端返回无法解析的错误信息。二、 安装bind软件1. 解压root#tar zxvf bind-9.9.2.tar.gz2. 安装root#./configure prefix=/usr/local/named sysconfdir=/usr/local/name/etc enable-thread3. 生成named.conf配置文件root#/usr/local/src/bind-9.9.2/bin/configen/rndc-configren | tail -10| head -9 |sed s/# /g /usr/local/etc/named.conf4. 启动和关闭Bind安装完bind后，可以让bind后台运行root#/usr/local/named/sbin/named &使用-g参数可以实现显示启动过程中的详细信息。root#/usr/local/named/sbin/named g &22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 built with -prefix=/usr/local/named/ -sysconfdir=/usr/local/named/etc -enable-thread22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 -22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 BIND 9 is maintained by Internet Systems Consortium,22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 Inc. (ISC), a non-profit 501(c)(3) public-benefit22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 corporation. Support and training for BIND 9 are22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.832 available at https:/www.isc.org/support22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.833 -22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.833 using 1 UDP listener per interface22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.833 using up to 4096 sockets22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.841 loading configuration from /usr/local/named/etc/named.conf22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.841 reading built-in trusted keys from file /usr/local/named/etc/bind.keys22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.842 using default UDP/IPv4 port range: 1024, 6553522-Nov-2012 20:41:30.843 using default UDP/IPv6 port range: 1024, 6553522-Nov-2012 20:41:30.870 automatic empty zone: 113.0.203.IN-ADDR.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.870 automatic empty zone: 255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.870 automatic empty zone: 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.870 automatic empty zone: 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.870 automatic empty zone: D.F.IP6.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.871 automatic empty zone: 8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.878 /usr/local/named/etc/named.conf:7: couldnt add command channel 127.0.0.1#953: address in use22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.878 ignoring config file logging statement due to -g option22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.879 managed-keys-zone: loaded serial 022-Nov-2012 20:41:30.881 all zones loaded22-Nov-2012 20:41:30.882 running关闭：kill 进程ID号三、 配置named服务器1. 开机自动启动编写bind服务启动关闭的脚本：vi /etc/init.d/named#/bin/bash#Start script for the Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server # chkconfig: 345 35 75 # description:BIND is a Name Domain Server# Source function library. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source function library.if -f /etc/init.d/functions ; then. /etc/init.d/functionselif -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ; then. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functionselse exit 0finamed=/usr/local/named/sbin/namedprog=namedRETVAL=0#start functionstart()if -n /sbin/pidof $prog thenecho $prog: already runningechoreturn 1fiecho Starting $prog: base=$prog$named &RETVAL=$?usleep 500000 if -z /sbin/pidof $prog then#The child processes have died after fork()ingREVEL=1fiif $RETVAL -ne 0 thenecho Startup failureelseecho Startup successfiechoreturn$RETVALstop () echo Stopping $prog:killall$namedRETVAL=$?if $RETVAL -ne 0 thenecho Shutdown failureelseecho Shutdown successfiecho# See how we were called.case $1 instart)start;stop)stop;status)status $namedRETVAL=$?;restart)stop;usleep 500000start;*)echo $Usage:$prog start | stop | restart |status exit 1esacexit $RETVAL2. 添加到到开机启动项：chkconfig named add3. 检查开启动项中named启动级别是否on;rootlocalhost init.d# chkconfig -listip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offiptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offirqbalance 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offkdump 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offlvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offmcelogd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:offmdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offmessagebus 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offnamed 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offnetconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnetfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off四、 Bind服务器配置Bind的主要配置文