【专题八】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从）【考点分析】状语从句1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中“sothat”与“suchthat”的区别；7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法；9. in case引导的状语从句；10.where引导的状语从句；11.once引导的状语从句。12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。名词从句1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；定语从句1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；5. suchas与suchthat的区别；the sameas与the samethat的区别；6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；8.含有插入语的定语从句；9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。【知识点归纳】I.句子的种类复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。按用途分种 类类 型例 句陈述句肯定句We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。否定句They dont go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。疑问句一般疑问句Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Havent you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ 特殊疑问句Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。反意疑问句They are going to the airport, arent they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？祈使句肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。否定句Dont worry. Ill help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。感叹句what + 名词What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀!how + 形容词或副词How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！how +句子How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀!How + adj.+a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊!按结构分种类类型例 句简单句主+谓They disappeared. 他们消失了。主+谓+宾He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。主+谓+间宾+直接宾I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。主+谓+宾+宾补They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。主+系+表She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。并列句并列关系and, not onlybut also, neither nor, bothand, notbut,Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。Notcouldnttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。转折关系but,while（而，尽管）nevertheless(然而；不过)Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidntplayityesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。选择关系or, otherwise or else, eitherorWe must hurry, or well miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and soWe had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。He didnt work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）状语从句定语从句（详细请看以下内容）II.状语从句状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。1.时间状语从句由下列连词引导：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly,instantly,immediately,by the time，the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等重点内容如下：when,while,as引导的时间状语从句as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后发生)while意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while/when others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading.Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁”)before状语从句的重点句型之后才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .不多久就：It wasnt long before he told me about the affair.不等就：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.刚就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.先再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿