外资零售企业论文：制度与企业资源对网络策略的影响【中文摘要】自从2001年中国加入WTO,中国逐渐对外资开放,大量的外资零售企业进入中国并且发展迅速,在中国的零售市场上占有很重要的地位,中国的许多零售企业争相学习外资零售企业的经营模式和高标准高效率,试图改善自己的无效率结构。但是外资零售企业在中国的发展也并不是一帆风顺的,在许多跨国零售企业在中国急速扩张的过程中,许多外资零售企业也纷纷退出中国市场。这是由于随着中国经济的快速发展,中国市场已经成为全球投资者的投资首选,中国政府对于这一现象制定了很多相关的政策。同时,外资零售企业进入中国市场,在不同时期拥有不同程度的企业资源,而许多跨国零售企业并没有随着制度的变化改变经营策略,或是没有处理好制度变化与企业拥有资源的关系,就导致了不能游刃有余地在中国零售市场发展。社会制度和企业资源限制或者推动着外资零售企业在华的发展,从以往资料和案例可以看出,如果不能有效地利用这两个方面,或是不能有效地处理好这两方面的关系,外资零售企业将会面临着水土不服的境况,即在中国的本上化失败。目前在零害国际化的研究领域,已经开始有学者将社会网络理论、制度理论、资源基础理论引入进来,试图从多个角度解释零售企业的行为,并帮助跨国零售企业更好的实施本上化战略。本文应用了制度理论在零售国际化的研究中,认同制度的支持面与压力面共存,将制度看成是富有弹性的社会结构,可以通过社会惯例、社会网络关系来传达。同时将资源基础理论与制度理论结合起来,观察外资零售企业在拥有不同程度企业资源时如何选择网络策略。制度和资源两个变量可以单方面作用于企业的网络策略,也可以双方面共同产生作用。企业在所面临的社会制度产生变化的时候,可以通过改变组织内部资源的使用方式,来应变制度的影响,也许这种改变会使得组织无效率,但是可以使组织无压力的生存,这样两个维度就共同产生变化来作用于企业的网络策略。本文认为企业通过将制度与资源的有效配合可以利用社会制度促进企业发展。本文通过选取三个典型的在华外资零售企业：家乐福、沃尔玛、乐购,借助资源基础理论、社会网络理论和制度理论,来解释制度与企业资源对外资零售企业网络策略的影响,并详细论证了这三个变量之间的关系,在文章的第五部分结合个案分析,得出三个理论命题：P1：中国的制度影响外资零售企业为了寻求正当性而建立不同的网络策略：P2：在华外资零售企业会根据拥有的资源程度的不同,选择不同的网络策略；P3：在制度环境变化的情况下,在华外资零售企业所拥有的企业资源不同选择的网络策略也不同。【英文摘要】Since 2001, China enters into WTO, China gradually opened to the world, a large number of foreign retail enterprises come into China, and developed in Chinas retail market quickly, occupied a very important position. Many of Chinas retail enterprise scramble to learn the foreign retail enterprises management mode and high standard, try to improve their efficiency structure. But the foreign retail enterprises in Chinas development are not proceed smoothly without a hitch, in the process of Chinas rapid expansion of many transnational retail enterprises, many foreign retailers also moved out of the China market. This is because as the rapid development of Chinas economy, the Chinese market has become the first choice of global investors, the Chinese government established many related policy for this phenomenon. At the same time, the foreign retail enterprises that enter the Chinese market in different period have different degrees of enterprise resources, and many transnational retail enterprises does not change operation strategy with the change of the systems, or not dealing good with the relationship between system changes and the enterprise resources, these cause some transnational retail enterprises cant swim the room in Chinas retail market. Social system and enterprise resources constraint or push the foreign retail enterprises development in China, from the previous information and cases we can see, if one cant effectively use these two respects, or cant effectively deal with the relationship between the two aspects, it will be faced with the circumstances of inclination, it means the failure of localization.At present in the study of the retail internationalization field, scholars has begun to introduce the social network theory, system theory, resources foundation theory in, trying to explain the behavior of the retail enterprises from multiple perspectives, and help multinational retail enterprises operate localization strategies better. This paper applies the system theory in retail internationalization study, identity system support side and pressure side can coexist, take the system as elastic social structure, and can convey through social practice and social networks. At the same time, combined the system theory and resources foundation theory, observe the foreign retail enterprises how to choose the network strategy in different degrees of enterprise resources. System and resources two variables can unilaterally acting on enterprises strategy, and they can effect together on strategy. When enterprises confront social system changes, can change the way of the use of the internal resources to strain the influence. Maybe the change would make organization without efficiency, but at least can survive without pressure, so the two dimensions can influence enterprises network strategy together. This paper argues that the enterprise through co-operate the system and resources effectively can use the social system to promote the development of the enterprise.This article through selects three typical foreign retail enterprises in China: Carrefour, Wal-Mart, Tesco, with the resource foundation theory, social network theory and system theory, to explain the effects of system and enterprise resources on the foreign retail enterprisesnetwork strategy, and detailed proves the relationship between three variables. In the fifth part of this article, combined with cases analysis, draw three theoretical propositions:P1:Chinas system influence the foreign retail enterprises set up different network strategy in order to seek justice;P2:the Chinese foreign retail enterprises will choose different network strategy according to the different resources degrees; P3:in the condition of system environment change, the Chinese foreign retail enterprises have different enterprise resour