Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1827), English Romantic poet who rebelled against English politics and conservative values. Shelley drew no essential distinction between poetry and politics, and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. His father, Timothy Shelley, was a Sussex squire and a Member of Parliament. Shelley attended Syon House Academy and Eton and in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College. In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity of Atheism, which he wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Shelleys father withdrew his inheritance in favor of a small annuity, after he eloped with the 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. The pair spent the following two years traveling in England and Ireland, distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published his first important poem, the atheistic Queen Mab. The poets marriage to Harriet was a failure. In 1814 Shelley traveled abroad with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of the philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). Marys young stepsister Claire Claremont was also in the company. During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella, The Assassins (1814). Their combined journal, Six Weeks Tour, reworked by Mary Shelley, appeared in 1817. After their return to London, Shelley came into an annual income under his grandfathers will. Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in 1816. Shelley married Mary Wollstonecraft and his favorite son William was born in 1816. Shelley spent the summer of 1816 with Lord Byron at Lake Geneva, where Byron had an affair with Claire. Shelley composed the Hymn To Intellectual Beauty and Mont Blanc. In 1817 Shelley published The Revolt Of Islam and the much anthologized Ozymandias appeared in 1818. Among Shelleys popular poems are the Odes To the West Wind and To a Skylark and Adonis, an elegy for Keats. In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy, where Byron was residing. In 1819 they went to Rome and in 1820 to Pisa. Shelleys works from this period include Julian And Maddalo, an exploration of his relations with Byron and Prometheus Unbound, a lyrical drama. The Cenci was a five-act tragedy based on the history of a 16th-century Roman family, and The Mask of Anarchy was a political protest which was written after the Peterloo massacre. In 1822 the Shelley household moved to the Bay of Lerici. There Shelley began to write The Triumph of Life. To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt, he sailed to Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sank and Shelley drowned with Edward Williams on July 8, 1822. The bodies were washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Lord Byron and Leigh Hunt, they were burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome.西风颂O Wild West Wind, thou breathe of autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each likes a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the spring hall blow Her clarion oer the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear! 1 狂野的秋风啊，你这秋的精气！ 没看见你出现，枯叶已被扫空， 像群群鬼魂没见法师就逃避 它们或枯黄焦黑，或苍白潮红， 真是遭了瘟灾的一大片；你呀， 你把迅飞的种子载送去过冬， 让它们僵睡在黑黢黢的地下， 就像尸体在各自的墓里安躺， 直到你那蔚蓝的春天妹妹呀 对梦乡中的大地把号角吹响， 叫羊群般的花苞把大气吸饮， 又让山野充满了色彩和芳香。 狂野的精灵，你正在四处巡行， 既拉朽摧枯又保护。哦，你听！ II Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion, Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thane arty surge, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zeniths height, The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, Vaulted with all thy congregated might Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!2 你呀，乱云是雨和闪电的使者， 正是在你震荡长空的激流上 闪电被冲得像树上枯叶飘落， 也从天和海错综的枝头骤降： 宛若有个暴烈的酒神女祭司 把她银发从幽暗的地平线上 直竖向中天，只见相像的发丝 在你汹涌的蓝莹莹表面四起， 宣告暴风雨的逼近。残年濒死， 你是它挽歌，而正在合拢的夜 便是它上接天穹的崇墓巨陵 笼着你聚起的全部水汽之力， 而黑雨、电火和冰雹也都将从 这浓云中迸发而下。哦，你听！ III