2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some organizations find themselves faced with new product opportunities, or with projects that have a（ ）starting and ending point.问题1选项A.definiteB.definitiveC.definedD.defining【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definite“一定的；明确的”；B选项definitive“最后的；确定的”；C选项defined“界定的；轮廓清晰的”；D选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”。句意：一些组织发现他们自己面临着新的产品机会，或者有 起点和终点的项目。根据句意可推断出空格处应为“明确的”，A、B选项均有此意，但侧重点不同，definite强调明显、清楚、有把握；definitive强调最终、权威、不可更改，侧重于最终的结果，这里是修饰“起点和终点”，并非强调结果，因此A选项正确。2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. The crucial point is this: labor, land and money are essential elements of industry; they also must be organized in market; in fact, these markets form an absolutely vital part of the economic-system. But labor, land and money are obviously not commodities. Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale but for entirely different seasons, nor can that activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized; land is only another name for nature, which is not produced by man; actual money, finally, is merely a token of purchasing power which, as a rule, is not produced at all, but comes into being through the mechanism of banking or state finance. None of them is produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirely fictitious.【答案】关键在于：劳动力、土地和金钱是工业的基本要素；在市场上，它们还必须以组织有序的形式呈现；事实上，这些市场构成了经济体系中绝对重要的一部分。然而劳动力、土地和金钱显然不是商品。劳动只不过是一种与生命相伴的人类活动的别名。这种人类活动不是为了出售而产生的，而是顺应不同季节而出现的。并且这种活动也不能与生命体的其他活动分离开来，无法被储存和调用。土地只是自然的另一个名称，它不是由人类产生的；实际的货币仅仅是购买力的一种表征，一般来说，这种购买力根本无法被生产，而是通过银行或国家财政机制形成的。它们都不是为销售而存在的。对劳动、土地和金钱的商品性描述完全是虚构的。3. 单选题There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. (1*10=10)Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. “Most obstacles to progress consist of（11）of various kinds,” says the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization（12）139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, womens networks and solidarity between women.In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes（13）hard. The belief still holds（14）that women belong in the kitchen and with the children, not at election（15）or in the Speakers chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who upon entering politics, also bear the brunt（正面冲击）of verbal and physical（16）.In impoverished（贫穷的）countries racked by civil conflicts and deteriorating economic and social conditions, women are（17）by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families.The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities often（18）a privileged few the reluctance of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing women receive from their families. That support, which is（19）as well as financial, is all the more vital because women have internalized（20）images of themselves since the dawn of time and often suffer from low self-confidence.问题1选项A.deficienciesB.deficitsC.defectsD.flaws问题2选项A.embracingB.composingC.comprisingD.constituting问题3选项A.persistB.vanishC.reviveD.die问题4选项A.swayB.waterC.truthD.proof问题5选项A.assembliesB.conventionsC.associationsD.rallies问题6选项A.penaltiesB.attacksC.torturesD.abuses问题7选项A.strappedB.bandagedC.restrainedD.inhibited问题8选项A.allowed forB.put in forC.reserved forD.compensated for问题9选项A.moralB.mortalC.orthodoxD.sensible问题10选项A.negativeB.obsoleteC.undesirableD.vice【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A【解析】11.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“不足；缺乏”；B选项deficit“赤字”；C选项defect“缺点，缺陷”；D选项flaw“瑕疵，缺点”。该段介绍了阻碍妇女生涯的因素，如缺乏时间、培训等等，根据下文的关键词lack可以推断出，A选项符合题意。12.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项compose“构成；写作”；C选项comprise“包含；由组成”；D选项constitute“组成，构成”。空格处可翻译为：一个 139个议会的总部设在日内瓦的组织，因此空格处为“包括”之意。B、C、D选项均有此意，但B选项常用作被动形式，即be composed of；D选项constitute在这里应用作139 parliaments constitute the IPU的形式，因此C选项正确。13.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配die hard意为“非常顽固、难以根除”。句意：在每种文化中，偏见和成见都很难消除。14.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配hold sway意为“支配；统治”，句意：妇女应待在厨房里、应和孩子在一起这种观念仍然占主导地位。15.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项assembly“集合；集会”；B选项convention“大会；法惯例”；C选项association“协会；联盟”；D选项rally“集会（与政治相关的）”。由关键词election可以推断出D选项符合题意。16.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金；处罚”；B选项attack“攻击；抨击”；C选项torture“折磨；拷问；歪曲”；D选项abuse“滥用；虐待；辱骂”。bear the brunt of verbal and physical 16 可翻译为“承受言语和身体 的冲击”，此处用attack“攻击；抨击”最为合适，C、D用在