2022年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解考前押题第四局部 ：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请认真阅读短文并依据短文答复其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线局部意义最相近的词或短语。 (31)依据下面材料，答复题。 Human Heart Can Make New Cells Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. “We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed,“ said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. “It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed,“ he said. The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75. “If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack,“ Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. “A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,“ noted co-author Dr.Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying,“ he said. With this finding, scientists are “opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves,“ Bhardwaj said. “Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing.“ But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells_. A: when a person is born B: when a person becomes old C: when a person gets sick D: when a person dies 答案:D 解析:细节题。题干 ：_ ，人类的心脏停顿产生心脏细胞。 利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的第一段，即科学家们发觉，在人的整个生命过程中， 其心脏不断产生新的心肌细胞。言外之意，这个过程直到人死了才会停顿。 (32) The finding could prove to be helpful to_. A: the study of longstanding mysteries B: the analysis of cardiac cells C: the prevention of chronic diseases D: the treatment of heart disease 答案:D 解析: 细节题。题干 ：这一发觉被证明对_有益。 利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的其次段，即这一发觉将为心脏病的治疗开拓新的途径 。 (33) The people who”re in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent ofcardiomyocytes_. A: are still functional B: are replaced each year C: are lost each year D: are damaged each year 答案:B 解析: 细节题。题干 ：70多岁的人群中，只有0.45%的心脏细胞_。 利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的第四段，即一个人20岁时， 其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%。随着年龄的增长，该更替率不断下降，等到75岁时， 只有0.45%。 (34) Chronic heart failure is associated with_. A: the death of heart cells B: the life span of a person C: the effects of pharmaceuticals D: the weight of the patient 答案:A 解析: 细节题。题干 ：慢性心衰与_有关。 利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的倒数第三段，即慢性心衰是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。 (35) It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts_. A: changes over time B: can be monitored C: is the same as that in healthy hearts D: is high enough to replace cells faster than they”re dying off 答案:C 解析: 细节题。题干 ：有病心脏的细胞更替率是否_还未知。 利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的最终一段， 即心脏产生的新细胞的数量是根据安康心脏计算的， 而有病心脏的细胞更替率是否与安康心脏一样还不得而知。 (36) 依据下面材料，答复题。 Storms Sink Ships Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh. The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21. Hundreds more are missing or feared dead. The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country. The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season. One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About