第二节导学精练题型诠释一、 信息查找题信息查找题的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如:1. 时间先后:first, then, after that, next, finally等。2. 因果:because, thus, lead to, caused by, as a result of, now that, since, as等。3. 比较:similarly, differently, like, unlike, but, while, however, instead, on the contrary等。4. 转折:but, while, however, instead, on the contrary等。二、 信息转换题根据问题查找并定位信息后,要加工分析信息并转换成另一种表达方式,达到组织信息的目的。常见的转换方式有:词性转换;句子结构转换;另选他词来释义。如:1. 释义If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow. (pay no attention to)2. 同义词或反义词转换He didnt pass the final examination.He failed the final examination.3. 句子结构转换It will not be long before we take an exam.We will take an exam soon(before long).4. 前缀和后缀转换The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates. (not comfortable)5. 词性转换Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is popular all over China.Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is gaining popularity all over China.6. 归纳型转换这是近年高考出现的新颖题型。文中给予学生合适的信息,让学生自己动脑思考,分析归纳总结出正确的结论。这类题目的立意在于培养学生的理解能力、思维能力和综合分析能力。比如:根据这一段内容第一段中讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:“The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should.”可知,认真尽责的人守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等,这都说明他们对自己要求很严格。所以该题 “Conscientious people are very with themselves.”中应该填strict。因此,这就要求我们在教学中要加强对学生综合的分析、理解、归纳等思维能力的培养。三、 信息归纳题1. 解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案,必须根据文章内容,对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。如:归纳下面一段话“We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.” 文章开头点明文章的主题句:从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。所以The passage mainly focuses on . 答案为examination and equality“考试与公平”。平时练习中,要多进行句式转换练习。2. 平时帮助学生罗列、记忆高频归纳性词汇。这些词一般具有概括性,在最大程度上覆盖了栏内信息,也有针对性。如:主题(topic, theme, thesis)原因reason (for), cause (of)结果(result, effect, consequence)目的(aim, purpose, goal)方法way (to do sth.), measure, solution (to sth.), method, approach (to sth.)观点opinion, view, attitude (towards)异同(differences, similarities)优劣(advantages, disadvantages; strengths, weaknesses; benefits, drawbacks)建议(tips, suggestions, advice)其他(time, place, events, behaviour, feelings, process, example, definition, classification)(一)(2013江苏卷)Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲) against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, peop