2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are impossible to reverse.问题1选项A.sensationalB.emotionalC.horribleD.striking【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensational“轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的”；B选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；C选项horrible“可怕的；极讨厌的”；D选项striking“显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的”。句意：人们现在认为，家庭结构的显著变化虽然令人遗憾，但是不可能逆转的。本句关键词dramatic表示“巨大的；急剧的；引人注目的；令人激动的；戏剧的”，在句中可和striking（显著的）做同义替换；因此D选项正确。2. 不定项选择题There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1. This selection can best be titled （ ）.2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that （ ）.3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is （ ）.4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that （ ）.5. This passage suggests that an individuals I.Q. （ ）.问题1选项A.Measuring Your IntelligenceB.Intelligence and EnvironmentC.The Case of Peter and MarkD.How the Brain Influences Intelligence问题2选项A.human brains differ considerablyB.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC.environment is vital to determine a persons intelligenceD.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence问题3选项A.85B.100C.110D.125问题4选项A.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelB.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his environmentC.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain问题5选项A.can be predicted at birthB.stays the same throughout his lifeC.can be increased by educationD.is determined by his childhood【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第一段There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with.So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared（有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他与生俱来的大脑所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么他成长的环境）可知B选项“智力与环境”最符合题意；A选项“衡量你的智力”，C选项“彼得和马克的案例”以及D选项“大脑如何影响智力”都是文章内容中的一部分，没有概括全文；因此B选项正确。第2题:推理判断题。根据第一段But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable（但是，无论一个人的大脑有多好，如果没有学习的机会，他的智力水平也会很低。所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么他成长的环境。如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发展，他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平）以及第二段The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X（环境在决定个人智力方面的重要性，可以从同卵双胞胎彼得x和马克x的历史中得到证明）可以得知C选项“环境对决定一个人的智力至关重要”符合题意；A选项“人类的大脑有很大的不同”和D选项“拥有相同大脑的人会有大致相同的智力”未在文章内提及；虽然文章内提到There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with（有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他与生俱来的大脑）但是并没有表达出 B选项“一个人天生的大脑在决定他的智力方面很重要”的含义，因此C选项正确。第3题:事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother（马克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他同父异父的哥哥整整高出40分），可知平均水平为100；因此B选项“100”符合题意。第4题: