高中英语网 www.ttyingyu.com 虚 拟 语 气英语动词有四种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。一定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。二虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1.概念 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 e.g. They dont have a meeting if there is nothing to discuss. If I had time,I would study German.2.形式 虚 拟 条 件 句 主 句 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be动词用were）should/would/could/might+do 与过去事实相反had+doneshould/would/could/might+have+done 与将来事实相反动词过去式should+dowere to+doshould/would/could/might+doe.g. If you had got up earlier,you could have caught the train.If he came tomorrow,we could ask him.练习：If you (take) my advice,you (not fail) in the exams last term.If it (rain) tomorrow,the sports meeting (put off).If everyone (know)first aid,many lives (save).3.重点1）如条件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略掉，把were,had,should提前，变为倒装句式。 e.g. If we had made a great effort,we might have succeeded. Had we made a great effort,we might have succeeded.注意：若条件句的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。 e.g. If it werent for the expense,I would go abroad now. Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.2)有些句子主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为“错综时间条件句”。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now. If he hadnt followed my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.3）含蓄条件句指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其它手段来暗示存在的虚拟条件，如but for,with,without,otherwise,but等。 But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work.=If it had not been for your help, I might have given your more help,but I was too busy. Such a thing wouldnt have happened elsewhere. I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the meeting.4）省去主句的条件句常用if only引导，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式： 谓语用过去式（与现在事实相反） 谓语用had done（与过去事实相反） 谓语用could/would/might+do（与将来事实相反） e.g. If only he were here. If only the rain would stop.三虚拟语气其它用法1.用于宾语从句中1）wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式：过去式（宾语从句动作与wish同时）had+done(宾语从句动作先于wish)could/would/might+do（宾语从句动作后于wish） e.g. I wish (that) I were a flying bird. I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. I wish he would try again.2)用于表示建议、命令等词后的宾语从句中，如demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句的虚拟语气结构为：(should)+do e.g. He ordered that the boy (should) go with him.注意：当suggest作“暗示；表明”讲，insist作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.3)would rather后的宾语从句用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 e.g. Id rather you went home now. Id rather you hadnt made that mistake.2.用于主语从句中 It is suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/desired+that从句 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that从句 主语从句的虚拟语气结构为：（should）+do（表达说话者“惊讶、遗憾、应该”等语气） e.g. It was a pity that our team should lose the game.注意：以上句式也可用陈述语气。 e.g. Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在名词advice,order,suggestion,request,proposal,plan,idea等后边that引导的同位语从句，或这些名词作主语时后面that引导的表语从句中，虚拟语气结构为：(should)+do e.g. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. My idea is that he (should) accept the job.4.用于定语从句中 It is (high) time+that从句，从句谓语形式用过去式，或should+do(should不可省略)。 e.g. It is high time we started (should start) out.5as if/as though用在虚拟语气中。 as if/as though引导表语从句与方式状语从句皆可，谓语形式： 过去式（从句动作与主句动作同时发生） had done（从句动作先于主句动作） could/would/might+do（从句动作后于主句动作） e.g. He looks as if he were a pop star. They talked about L.A. as if they had been there.6.“情态动词+have+done”的用法。1）must have done:“(过去)一定做了”(否定式为cant/couldnt have done) e.g. It must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy.2)can/could have done：“本来能够做；过去可能会做” e.g. Can he have gone to his uncles?3)cant/couldnt have done:“过去不可能做；过去没能够” e.g. He cant have forgotten it.4)may/might have done：“也许已经做”（只用于肯定句与否定句中，不用于疑问句；否定句中表示“可能不”，用might表示语气更不肯定） e.g. He may not have finished the work.5）should/ought to have done:“本该做（实际未做）” e.g. You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.6)shouldnt/ought not to have done:“本不该做（实际做了）” e.g. you shouldnt have told her the truth.7)neednt have done:“本不必做（实际做了）” e.g. You neednt have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my house.8)had better have done:“当时最好做了”（否定式为had better not have done） e.g. You had better not have beaten her.9)would rather have done：“宁愿当时做了”（否定式为would rather not have done,两者都有“后悔”之意） e.g. I ignored her opinion,but now I would rather not have done that.10)would like/love to have done sth.“过去愿意做（实际未做成）” e.g. I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work.高中英语辅导网 www.yingyufudao