016年全国英语等级考试pets-3三级经典语法辅导(2)it 与there be的用法 I.要点 1、it的用法 (1)用作人称代词，代替前文提到的无生命的事物，动植物、婴儿及指示代词this, that，如， I have a new pen. It is beautiful. The Browns have a new baby. It”s cute. (2)用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如，It”s twelve o”clock now. It”s fine today. (3)用作引导词，代替由不定式，ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语，如， It”s no good telling him that. It”s necessary for you to do so. (4)用在强调构造中，构成强调句式：It is/was +被强调局部+that/who/whom +句子其余局部，可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分，如， It was this morning that I saw him in the street. It was I who saw him in the street this morning. It was in the street that I saw him this morning. It was him whom I saw in the street this morning. 2、there be句型 英语表示某时某处或某物时，常用there be句型，这是一种倒装构造，如， There are a lot of students playing on the ground. There is going to be a test this afternoon. 当主语有两个或两个以上时，动词be常和最近的那个主语取得全都，如， There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box. There isn”t a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room. There are lots of people like it, aren”t there? there be句型，谓语动词除be之外，还可用其他表示存在，位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如， There stands a house at the foot of the hill. there be句型表示“存在“而have表“有“、“拥有“，所以there be中 be不能换成have，但当have表示事物的特征时，可用“主语+have“构造替换there be 句型，如： There are five doors in the house. The house has five doors. there be 的其它句型： 1、There must be a meeting in the office. 2、There have been great changes since 1979. 3、There being no bus, we had to walk home. I. 例题 例1 _ that he went to sleep. A It was until midnight B That was until midnight C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight 解析：该题答案为C。强调until构造时，要将否认词not移到until前。又如：He didn”t leave until twelve 改为It was not until twelve that he left. 例2 There are a lot of students _ in the class room. A talk B talking C talked D to talk 解析：该题正确答案为B。 There be句型为倒装句，可换为A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.